6 



INTEODUCTIOX. 



of them may become reduced or entirel,y lost. The front claws in 

 particular are liable to enlargement or other modification in the 

 male. The tibia' almost invariably sliow more or less adaptation 

 for digging, a function which is exercised by the females, if not by 

 both sexes, of nearly all the species. The front tibiie bear a series 

 of teeth along the outer edge, sometimes absent or modified in the 



Fig. 3. — ScarafifEUs i^acer (Family ScAnAn.Kir.v., Siibfaiuily Coi'rin.v.) and en- 

 larged details :—/^, head ; <• . c'lypeus ; ?>/•(>., protliorax ; yjv/., pronotiun ; 

 pst., prosterniiiii ; mcs., mesothorax ; visL, niesosternuni ; mef., nietatliorax; 

 iiit»f.. nictasternuni ; mp., niesothoracic epimeron ; iittcp , nietatlioracic 

 episternuin : c.rrti'.,coxal cavity ; ah., abdominal segment ; p(/., i)ygidium ; 

 c, elytron ; /.I., fore leg ; m.L, middle leg ; //./.. bind leg ; co.v., coxa ; 

 ir., trochanter; fern., femiu" : ///'., tibia; far., tarsus: aiif., antenna; 

 sc., scape; f/.,cliib; »«., mandible ; wx., maxilla ; w/>., maxillary palpus : 

 /)•., labrum ; /., labium ; me., mentum ; Ip., labial palpus. 



males. There is a single articulated spine at the end of the front 

 tibia) and two at the end of each of the posterior tibia?, except in 

 the Corinx.i', where all are single. The femora differ little in form, 

 but are sometimes inodilied in the males. The coxa; are usually 

 large, the front ones nearly always, and the hindmost generally, 



