LAMELLICOBNIA. 23 



A.ntennse not elbowed, the joints of the club 



not very thin, brought together by 



rolling up PASSALIDJE. 



Antennae elbowed, not capable of rolling up, 



the joints of the club not very thin nor 



closely co-adapted LTJCANID^. 



Prof. Ivolbe regards the last group as a Subfamily of the first 

 and adds another family, Synteliid^, consisting of the isolated 

 genus Syntelia, but the grounds of this are debatable and I prefer 

 to retain the older classification. 



In the ScAEAB^ici, which comprise an enormous majority of 

 the Lamellicornia, the number of joints in the club of the antenna 

 is invariably three, except in some of the Melolonthinse and two 

 extremely primitive genera Pacliypus and Pleocoma, the first in- 

 habiting Europe and the second North America. The family is 

 generally divided into two great groups, according to the position 

 of the abdominal spiracles, but certain primitive forms are really 

 intermediate between the two, and a South American genus, 

 Aclopus, is stated to be Pleurostict in the female and Laparostict 

 in the male, that is, the abdominal spiracles are placed in the 

 chitinous riugs in the first and in the connecting membrane in the 

 second. Xo intermediate forms are found in the Indian fauna, 

 which comprises the following Subfamilies : — 



Posterior spiracles situated in the dorsal part of 



the chitinous ventral segments PLEUROSTICTI. 



Labrnm membranous, not exserted. 



Mandibles not visible externally ; front coxa9 



vertical Cetoniinae, p. 32. 



Mandibles partly visible externally; front 



coxae transverse Dynastinae, 



Labrum chitinous and visible externally. [p. 256. 



Posterior spiracles placed in strongly diverging 



lines : claws movable, unequal Rutelinae. 



Posterior spiracles placed in scarcely diverging 



lines : claws generally fixed and equal .... Melolonthinae. 

 Posterior spiracles situated in the membrane 



between dorsal and ventral segments LAPAROSTICTI. 



Labrum and mandibles very prominent, hori- 

 zontal. 



Eyes entire Ochodaeinae. 



Eyes divided in front. 



'Antennae ll-jointed Geotrupinae, 



Antennae 10-jointed. 



Antennal club simple . Orphninae. 



Antennal club telescopic Hybosorinae. 



Antennae 9-jointed Chironinae. 



Labrum and mandibles large but not horizontal . Troginae. 

 Labrum and mandibles reduced and concealed. 

 Hind tibia with two spurs, middle coxae not 



widely separated Aphodiinae. 



Hind tibia with one spur, middle coxae widely 

 separated Coprinae. 



