92 LEPIDOPTÉROLOGIE COMPARÉE 



Esper describes his philoxenus {Der Europaischen Schmetter- 

 linge, Tr. i, Band ii, pp. 25-26) under the title P. PI. Rur. Philo- 

 xenus Der Philoxenus. Der grossere Heuvogel. 



Fig. 3. Der weibliche Papilio von beyden Seiten. " Alis inte- 

 gerrimis flavis, primoribus utrinque ocellis duobus; inferioribus 

 Supra 3-4 caecis (in mare unico) Subtus 6, pupillatis. " And I 

 translate the German text as follows : — 



" Consistent researches hâve sufficiently established that this 

 butterfly is certainly différent and possesses its own spécification. 

 It is in fact the one which De Geer took for the hcro of our system, 

 and the cephale of that of Geoffroi. I hâve already announced 

 this in a description of the same (Jtero). Spécimens now before 

 me agrée with the illustrations I hâve mentioned by De Geer, and 

 with the description of it in every respect. Indeed, we know this 

 species in both sexes. The distinctions will best be indicated by 

 a comparison with the species w^hich are like it. 



" It cornes nearest to pamphilus. Its remarkable size shows 

 at once that it is quite différent. The one has on the upper wings 

 a single eye; in the other, two are found invariably. The hind 

 wings of the first never hâve on the upper si de spots in the form 

 of eyes like this one has {philo xe mis). Besides, the underside, 

 according to the markings, is altogether différent. P. arcanins 

 might appear more like. It approaches it in its size. But the 

 front wings of that one {arcanins) are surrounded with a dark 

 border, and the hind wings are completely suffused wùth this 

 col our. Philoxenus, for so I call this butterfly, has not got this. 

 The ground colour is of quite uni form ochre yellow, with an 

 almost imperceptible mingling of black. In addition, it only has 

 a single eye. I omit other différences since the underside of the 

 hind wings shows the most pronounced différences... Arcanins 

 has the border, and the eyes themselves ringed (umzogen) with 

 orange. But hère this is altogether wanting. The eyes are in a 

 différent position and of différent sizes. P. tiphon seems according 

 to this comparison to come also into the group (gemenge). But 

 its peculiar colour the deficiency of ocellations (the spots in the 



