LÉPIDOPTÉROLOGIE COMPARÉE 105 



C) Cœnonymfha tîphon, Rott., in (a) North-East England. 

 Tifhon, Rott. (type). 



Barrett's statement in his Lepdoptera of the British Islands 

 that ù-phon " seems to hâve been exterminated in Northumberland " 

 is based on wholly insufficient évidence; indeed, everything goes 

 to réfute this hypothesis, though, no doubt the species has been 

 driven from many of its ancient haunts by reason of the changed 

 character of soil and environment For example, since Barrett's 

 work was published, on the Redesdale Moors, at an élévation of 

 about 1000 ft. Mr. H. J. Elwes found the butterfly " abundant 

 on grassy hills of the typical Cheviot character, that is to say, 

 where the grass is more luxuriant than the heather, and the moors 

 are consequently better for sheep than for grouse " {Ent. Record, 

 Vol. VIII, p. 228). 



A number of other localities are given also in Mr. John E. 

 Robson's Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Nor/humberland and 

 Durham (i8gg), and knowing the physical peculiarities of the 

 région, I hâve little doubt that a search of the surviving tiphon 

 grounds, long since indicated by Wailes, in the " hfties ", would be 

 rewarded. Neediess Hall Moor, moors about Cambo; Prestwick 

 Car; Muckle Moss, near Haydon Bridge; a moss near Crag 

 Lough; moors near Shull, Blackstur Bog in the Redeswater 

 district; fairly common about the Northumberland lakes in 1890; 

 Greenleighton Moor, near Long Whitton, 1891 — thèse are a few 

 of the more modem records. And, as Mr. Robson aptly remarks, 

 " when we consider the great extent of the moors in the west, and 

 north-west of Durham and Northumberland, from the Tees to the 

 Tweed, which hâve never been trodden by an entomologist, we 

 may rightly assume that it will be long before the species becomes 

 exterminated in thèse counties. " 



He then goes on to say of the Northumbrian tiphon that 

 " while presenting great variety of marking, they are fairly inter- 

 mediate between the dark tawny form of the Manchester district " 



