LÉPIDOPTÉROLOGIE COMPARÉE 439 



more than in the latter species, but the pitting is just as fine and 

 is therefore a little more regular than in laffonaria. In shape 

 the pupae are between the two. They lack the dumpy appearance 

 of sonaria, but, whilst they follow lapponaria in the tapering of 

 the body, the outline of the abdomen is more curved thus showing 

 but little the marked flattening of the sides of the abdomen, so 

 well displayed in lapponaria. This regularity of the curved 

 outline is assisted by their greater breadth and the absence of 

 the constriction shown in lapponaria after the third abdominal 

 segment. Viewed from above, merana pupa is very like lappo- 

 naria although, as it is larger than that species, it appears 

 broader. The spiracles are larger and more conspicuous than in 

 lapponaria and lie in a deeper dépression. Their position, too, 

 is a little further from the beginning of a segment than in that 

 form. Just as in lapponaria, the two side spines on the anal 

 armature are very fine, and similarly, the broad base of the ter- 

 minal spine of zonaria is absent, for the spine is long and narrow 

 to its fine forked tip. 



The two little warts sometimes seen on the 8th abdominal 

 segment of lapponaria are absent and, in the same way, the pro- 

 minent scar of the last abdominal spiracle of zonaria is but rarely 

 developed. The glazed eye is rounded and full, as in zonaria 

 and this species, too, is the model which the neat leg cases and 

 génital scars follow. The antennal pectinations are similar to 

 those in that form, but the marked longitudmal ridge is just as 

 in lapponaria. 



The female pupae show exactly the same différences but those 

 in the shape of the abdominal segments are slightly less 

 pronounced. 



Lying over of pupae. 



The pupae of lapponaria are notorious offenders in this respect, 

 for it is quite an ordinary thing for fuUy 90 per cent of Scotch 

 pupae, such as were u?ed in thèse experiments, to lie over for 



