XX MAMMALS OF AMERICA 



Oregon. Wardens paid by the society have patrolled these colonies during the breeding 

 season and insured the birds against molestation. The National Association of Audubon 

 Societies has also caused various localities to be examined, and has in each case taken the 

 initial steps which have led to the establishment of Federal reservations thus far set aside by 

 Executive proclamation. In the maintenance of the warden service on these reservations 

 it has also taken an important part. 



GAME RESERV.-VTIONS 



During the past forty years numerous reservations have been created by the Federal 

 Government which directly or incidentally protect wild life. The largest and best known 

 is the Yellowstone National Park, established by act of Congress on March i , 1872. Although 

 usually considered the first, it is not as old as several lighthouse reservations which in recent 

 years have become important refuges. Since 1872 other national parks have been set aside, 

 military parks have been established on famous battlefields, national monuments have been 

 created for the protection of objects of scientific interest, and bird reservations have been 

 set aside for the protection of breeding grounds of waterfowl and other birds. Some of these 

 reservations, including the military parks and some of the national monuments, although 

 established primarily for other purposes, afford refuges for birds and game. These reser- 

 vations are under the jurisdiction of five departments of the Government, the Smithsonian 

 Institution, and the District of Columbia. 



Notwithstanding the apparently large numbers of refuges, their combined area is 

 relatively small. The total area of the national parks and military parks, which serve 

 as game refuges, is less than 5,000,000 acres. The only other large refuges are the Grand 

 Canyon and Wichita Game Preserves, the Colorado, Mount Olympus and Mukuntuweap 

 National Monuments, the Montana National Bison Range, the Superior National Forest, and 

 parts of the Absaroka, Boise, and Teton national forests which have been made State game 

 preserves; and bird reserves, such as Klamath, Malheur, Niobrara, and Yukon Delta. Most 

 of the refuges are on waste, mountain, or marsh land, or on small islands of no agricultural 

 value. When compared with the series of extensive parks and game preserves created in 

 Canada in recent years or the still more extensive game preserves in the British colonies in 

 Africa, the area devoted in part to the increase of wild life in the United States is still very 

 small. 



Following is a complete list of our national parks as reported b}^ the Department of 

 the Interior, with date of their creation, and area in square miles: 



National Park Location 



Hot Springs Middle Arkansas 



Yellowstone N. W. Wyoming 



Yosemite Middle Eastern California 



Sequoia Middle Eastern California 



General Grant Middle Eastern California 



Casa Grande Ruin. Arizona 



Mount Rainier West Central Washington 



Crater Lake South Western Oregon 



Wind Cave South Dakota 



Sullys Hill North Dakota 



Mesa Verde South Western Colorado 



Piatt Southern Oklahoma 



Glacier North Western Montana 



Rocky Mountain North Middle Colorado 



Lassen Volcanic California 



Hawaii Hawaii 



Mount McKinley Alaska 



