CHART I 



VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES 



The above may be regarded as a Key Chart to those which follow; 

 but it is graphic and not evolutionary. While the entire Animal World 

 is divided into two Kingdoms — the Invertebrates, or Spineless Animals, 

 and the Vertebrates, or those having a spinal column,— the latter m the 

 scheme of evolution are derived from or through the former. Also, tor 

 the sake of ease of reference, the main divisions of the Invertebrates are 

 indicated above; while the Vertebrates are referred to other charts. Ihe 

 Pre- Vertebrates, as shown above, are an intermediate form between the 

 two Kingdoms. 



