198 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



of bare integument, extending forwards from the " heels " ; * 

 no metatarsal glands ; tail moderate. 



Although smooth in front of the orbits, owing to the 

 absence of a depression in the lachrymal, the skull has a 

 pair of deep pits in the frontals, generally lachrymal vacuities, 

 the auditory bulke large and inflated, and normal premaxillse 

 and nasals. The crowns of the second pair of incisors have 

 expanded summits ; the upper molars are relatively narrow, 

 without an inner accessory column, except in the first of the 

 series. When large, the horns, which are strongly ridged, 

 except at the tips, are frequently directed backwards at the 

 base, and then curve upwards and forwards at the tips, but 

 they may have a sublyrate, sigmoid curvature. 



At the present day the group is restricted to Ethiopian 

 Africa, but during the Pliocene it existed in India and other 

 parts of Asia. 



Pocock t remarks that the members of this subfamily 

 differ markedly from the Ncotragince [and Madoqiiince] " in 

 the structure of the feet, since they entirely lack the deep 

 and long interdigital cleft on the front of the pastern. . . . 

 With the exception of the Indian genera of Tragclaphinm, 

 the preorbital gland is absent in that group ; and in the 

 Cervicaprince [= Eeduncince] it is at most represented by 

 integumental thickening. In both groups, and in no other 

 subfamilies of Bovidm, two pairs of inguinal pouches have 

 been recorded. More significant still is the fact that the 

 structure of the feet, whether pedal glands be present or 

 absent, is the same in the Cervicaprince as in the Tragclaphince. 

 Corroborating these characters are the presence of two pairs 

 of mammae and a moderate or large rhinarium [muffle], to 

 which may be added the invariable absence of horns in the 

 females of Cervicaprince and in [those of] most genera of 

 Tragclaphince'' 



The subfamily may be divided into the following genera : — 



A. Horns small and spike-like ; summit of muffle swollen, 

 glandular, and extending beyond posterior notch 

 of nostrils; no face-glands; foot-glands in both 

 pairs of limbs Pelea. 



* See page 172. 



t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 917. 



