THE UNGULATES, OR HOOFED ANEMALS 193 



cavity, which indicated the bursting of a blood 

 vessel, due to over-exertion in its efforts to extricate 

 itself from the hole into which it had evidently 

 tumbled. When discovered, the animal still had 

 the mouthful of grass between its teeth which it 

 must have bitten off many thousands of years ago. 



From these and other well-preserved specimens 

 we know that the mammoth had a reddish-brown 

 woolly coat with long black hair, and a large tassel 

 of hair at the tip of the tail. In the Natural 

 History Museum may be seen a piece of this woolly 

 skin and some of the black hair, which specimens 

 cannot fail to appeal to the imagination. Mammoths 

 were no larger than the living Indian elephant, 

 although their tusks were much longer, stouter and 

 heavier, and instead of being extended directly 

 forward from the mouth, were curved outwards, 

 forming a bow, the ends curling backwards and 

 almost meeting. These tusks are found in the 

 Arctic regions in such large numbers, and so well 

 preserved, that they have been articles of commerce 

 for at least two centuries, and this source of ivory 

 was known long before to the Chinese. 



There is no doubt man knew the mammoth, 

 as he has left drawings of the animal scratched on 

 mammoth ivory, and excellent drawings of mammoths 

 have been found in the caves of Cambarelles in 

 France. It has been suggested, too, that the 

 memory of elephants has been traced in architec- 

 ture. Mr. Watkins, in his ' National History of the 

 Ancients,' speaks of an elephant's head on a pillar 

 in the church of Ottery St. Mary and again in 



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