CHAPTER IX 



EVEN-TOED UNGULATES (ARTIODACTYLA) 



The fourtli sub-order of Ungulates includes such 

 familiar creatures as tlie hippopotamus, pig, camel, 

 deer, giraffe, oxen, and sheep, etc. They all hav^e 

 an even number of toes, and their feet are sym- 

 metrical to a line drawn between the two median 

 toes, representing the third and fourth digits. They 

 are divided into two groups : 



{(i) the Suina 



(h) the Ruminantia. 



The Suina include the hippopotamus and the pigs. 

 The hippopotamus has four toes touching the ground, 

 the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits, while the 

 pig has all these four digits, but only two of them, 

 the third and fourth, touch the ground, and this 

 type of foot is known as a cloven hoof. Pigs are 

 exceptional among the common Ungulates, in that 

 their metacarpals and metatarsals do not unite to 

 form cannon bones. 



The h'ipj^opotdiiucs is now strictly confined to 

 Africa, but until recently it must have lived in 

 Madagascar. It is a thick-skinned beast frequent- 

 ing rivers, and, like other aquatic animals, its nostrils 



