GORILLA 207 



"3rd. The next character, which is a moie anthropoid one, though 

 explicable in the greater weight of the skull to be poised on the atlas, 

 is the great prominence of the mastoid processes in the T. gorilla, 

 which are only represented by a rough ridge in the T. niger. 



"4th. The ridge which extends from the ecto-pterygoid along the 

 inner border of the foramen ovale terminates in the T. gorilla by an 

 angle process answering to that called 'styliform or spinous' in man, 

 but of which there is no trace in T. niger. 



"5th. The palate is narrower in proportion to the teeth in the 

 T. gorilla, but the premaxillary portioi] is relatively longer in the T. 

 niger." 



In contradistinction to this Dr. Wyman states as follows: "The 

 larger ridge over the eyes, and the crest on top of the head and occiput, 

 with the corresponding development of the temporal muscles, form 

 the most striking features. The submaxillary bones articulating with 

 the nasals, as in the other quadrumana and most brutes ; the expanded 

 portion of the nasals between the frontals, or an additional osseous 

 element of this prove an independent bone ; the vertically broader and 

 more arched zygomata, contrasting with the more slender and hori- 

 zontal ones of the Chimpanzee ; the more quadrate foramen lacerum 

 of the orbit; the less perfect infraorbital canal, the orbits less dis- 

 tinctly defined ; the larger and more tumid cheek bones ; the more 

 quadrangular nasal orifice, which is depressed on the floor ; the greater 

 length of the ossa palati ; the more widely expanded tympanic cells, 

 extending not only to the mastoid process, but to the squamous portion 

 of the temporal bones — these would, of themselves, be sufficient to 

 counterbalance all the anatomical characters of the (enge-ena) gorilla. 



"When, however, we add to these the more quadrate outline of 

 the upper jaws ; the existence of larger and more deeply-grooved 

 canines ; molars with cusps on the outer side, longer and more sharply 

 pointed ; the dentes sapientise of equal size with the other molars ; the 

 prominent ridge between the outer posterior and the anterior inner 

 cusps ; the absence of a crista-galli ; a cranial cavity almost behind 

 the orbits of the eyes ; the less perfectly marked depressions for the 

 cerebral convolutions ; and above all, the small cranial capacity in 

 proportion to the size of the body, no reasonable grounds for doubt 

 remain that the enge-ena occupies a lower position, and consequently 

 recedes farther from man than the Chimpanzee. * * * 



"While the proportions of the ulna and humerus are more nearly 

 human than the Chimpanzee, those of the humerus and femur recede 



