PAN 239 



is prognathous, and the presence or absence of a part in the hair on 

 the head, or the existence of baldness, and its extent behind the ears. 

 No doubt some of these are valid specific characters, and it is equally 

 certain that there are several species of Chimpanzees, but it may also 

 be regarded as a fact, that some of the characters above cited as 

 specific are not valid, and that, with the material at present available 

 no one can decide how many of the specimens described have an 

 undoubted specific standing. That problem will be solved by our 

 successors ; at present we are groping in the dark so far as the number 

 of existing species of the great Anthropoids are concerned. 



Chimpanzees are purely African, that continent alone containing 

 the known species. They are the most intelligent of all Apes, and can 

 be taught without very great difficulty many things that men alone 

 might be supposed able to learn. When young they are gentle and 

 often exhibit much affection for those who have charge of them, but 

 as they grow older, the males especially, often become savage and 

 dangerous to approach. Their strength is extraordinary and a full 

 grown Chimpanzee is more than a match for any man. 



The brain of the Chimpanzee corresponds in all its physical de- 

 tails very closely to that of man. The fissures and convolutions are 

 identical, even Broca's convolution, which is the seat of articulate 

 speech, is also present. Why then if these Apes are provided with a 

 brain so like that possessed by Man, do they not talk and accomplish 

 many of those things which Man, the greatest of all Primates is able 

 to achieve? The only explanation that seems reasonable is, that that 

 indescribable, mysterious and powerful Influence which is called the 

 Ego or Will, is lacking in the Ape, and the possession of which raises 

 Man alone above all created beings and makes him the responsible 

 creature that he is. 



LITERATURE OF THE SPECIES. 



1758. Linncuus, Systema NaturcB. 



In this work Linnaeus names a black tailless Ape, founded upon 

 Tulp's figure and description, Simia satyrus, the Chimpanzee 

 with a black face and pelage, and bald forehead, the animal 

 generally known as Troglodytes tschego Auct. 



1788 Gtnelin, Systema Natures. 



Simia satyrus Linn., renamed Simia troglodytes. 



1796. Schreber, Die Saugthiere. 



In this work on plate I B Tyson's Pigmy is figured as Simia 



