236 PAN 



mbouve (Troglodytes calvus) has a much narrower range than the 

 Chimpanzee, and even than the Gorilla. I found it only in the table- 

 lands of the interior and in the densest forests. I have reason to 

 believe that it is found indifferently in the haunts of the Gorilla, in 

 the farther interior, and do not know that the two species quarrel. 

 It differs from the Gorilla in being smaller, milder, far more docile, 

 less strong, and in the singular habit of building for itself a nest or 

 shelter of leaves amid the higher branches of trees. I have watched, 

 at different times, this Ape retiring to its rest at night, and have seen 

 it climb up to its house and seat itself comfortably on the projecting 

 branch, with its head in the dome of the roof, and its arm about 

 the tree. * * * The distinctive marks of the T. calvus, those 

 which prove it to be a distinct species, may be stated as follows : its 

 head is bald and shining black; its temper is not fierce like gorilla's; 

 its young is zvhite, while the young gorilla is black, and the young 

 Chimpanzee yellow. Its head is nearly round, and bullet formed, the 

 nose is very flat ; the ears larger than in the Gorilla, but smaller than 

 in the Kooloo-Kamba and Chimpanzee; the eyes sunken, the teeth 

 and canines small when compared with the Gorilla. The arms reach 

 a little below the knee. The hands are long and slender ; the foot 

 shorter than the hand. The toes are free. The callosities on the back 

 of the fingers show that this animal goes commonly on all fours, and 

 rests its weight on the doubled up hands. The hair is of one uniform 

 rusty black color. The male is larger than the female." 



Although for some time and by various authors this species was 

 regarded as not entitled to be considered different from the common 

 Chimpanzee, S. satyrus, it is now recognized as a very distinct species. 

 Besides the almost entirely bald head, the other features stated above 

 under "General Characters," maintain its claim to a distinct rank. 

 Besides the exterior characters, others have been found by the 

 Anatomist which strengthen its claim as a distinct species, and while 

 some may be due to individual variation, others have a more important 

 significance. Thus the Simian fissure {parieto-occipital fissure) of 

 the brain is connected with the median furrow by an irregular front 

 fissure on one side only; and the posterior limb of the Sylvian fissure 

 is much more upright than in the common Chimpanzee. The frontal 

 lobes are not keeled below in the middle ventral line and the lateral 

 masses of the cerebellum come together behind, overlapping and largely 

 concealing the median tract. 



*Other differences exist not only in the brain but also in the 

 *Beddard I.e. 



