532 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



globules crenated and the leucocytes granular. A high power of the 

 microscope also reveals the bacteria in the shape of little rodlike 

 bodies of homogeneous texture with their brilliant spores. 



The lymphatic ganglia are increased four, five, six, or ten times their 

 natural size, enlarged by the engorgement of blood. The spleen 

 shows nodulated black spots containing a muddy blood, which is 

 found teeming with the virus. This organ is much enlarged and is 

 quite friable. The mucous membranes of the intestines are congested 

 and reddish brown; the surface of the intestines is in many places 

 denuded of its lining membrane, showing fissures and hemorrhagic 

 spots. The liver has a cooked appearance ; the kidneys are congested 

 and friable; the urine is red; the pleura, lungs, and the meninges are 

 congested, and the bronchi of the lungs contain a bloody foam. 



Treatment. — The treatment of anthrax has little in it to encourage 

 one. The curative treatment, for which almost every drug in the 

 pharmacopoeia has been used, is practically without avail. 



The prophylactic treatment formerly consisted in the avoidance of 

 certain fields and marshes which were recognized as contaminated 

 during the months of August and September and had been oc- 

 cupied the years in which the outbreaks usually occurred. It under- 

 went, however, a revolution after the discovery by Pasteur of the 

 possibility of a prophylactic inoculation or vaccination which granted 

 immunity from future attacks of the disease similar to that granted 

 by the recovery of an animal from an ordinary attack of the disease. 



This treatment consists in the use of a vaccine which is made by the 

 artificial cultivation of the virus of anthrax in broth and in the treat- 

 ment of it by means of continued exposure to a high temperature for 

 a certain length of time, which weakens the virus to such an extent 

 that it is only capable of producing a very mild and not dangerous 

 attack of anthrax in the animal in which it is inoculated, and thus 

 protects the animal from inoculation of a stronger virus. The pro- 

 duction of this virns, which is carried on in some countries at the 

 expense of the government and is furnished at a small cost to the 

 farmers in regions where the disease prevails, in this country is made 

 in private laboratories only. 



GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



[Synonyms: Glanders, farcy, one form of nasal gleet; Malleus hiimidiis. 

 Equina nasalis. Equina apostematos, Latin ; rotz. rotskrankheit, German ; s7iot, 

 verroting, Dutch; moccio, ciamorro, Italian; niuermo, Spanish; morve, farcin, 

 French.] 



Definition. — Let it be understood at the outset that glanders and 

 farcy are one and the same disease, differing only in that the first 

 term is applied to the disease when the local lesions predominate in 

 the internal organs, especially in the nostrils, lungs, and air tubes, 



