12 BRITISH BIRDS. 



2. Plumage-Changes. — Descriptions made on arrival, 

 in December, and before departure. 



3. Feeding-Habits. — Whether in flocks, large or small, 

 famihes, pairs, singly. Do the flocks, etc., confine them- 

 selves to a definitely limited area ? Do they resent in- 

 trusion by members of their own species or of other 

 species ? Method of feeding. Nature of food. Time of 

 feeding. Alarm and call-notes. 



4. Local Distribution. — ^Map showing (i.) feeding- 

 areas of selected species, e.g., Robin, Starling, Dipper, 

 Mallard ; (ii.) showing the distribution of all the bird- 

 life in any given area, noting also flight-lines. 



5. Self-Protection. — Methods of protection adopted 

 by the species {e.g., posting sentinels, night -feeding, 

 etc.). Note causes of protective colouring. Against 

 what protective. In what environment protective. 



6. Roosting. — WTien and where. Distance and route 

 travelled to reach the roost, size of the area from which 

 the birds come, whether the sleeping-quarters are in the 

 feeding-area. Behaviour previous to entering the roost. 

 After entering it. In the morning before and after 

 quitting it. Behaviour when disturbed. 



III. — General. 



1. Habit and Instinct. — Note what acts are (1) con- 

 genital or performed without previous experience ; 

 (2) acquired, or the product of experience (including 

 imitation), e.g., chirping in the egg is congenital ; fear 

 is largely the result of experience or imitation. (For 

 further details see Lloyd Morgan, Habit and Instinct.) 

 Note further the extent to which congenital acts, e.g., 

 swimming, flight, nest-building (assuming the latter to 

 be a congenital act), are improved by practice. 



2. IivnTATiON. — ^Note aU acts that seem to be the result 

 of imitation. 



3. Expression of the Emotions. — Note in detail all 

 the outward signs of fear, anger, and other emotions. 



