H. F. WITHERBY: PLUMAGES. 99 



Adult WmTER-PLUMAGE. Acquired by a complete moult. 

 The plumage is like that of the First Winter. 



N.B. — I can detect no difference between males and females in any 

 plumage, except that the males average rather larger : wing-measure- 

 ment (average), male 61 mm. ; female 59 mm. 



BRITISH GREAT TITMOUSE. 

 Par us major newtoni, Prazjik. 



Down-Plumage. Wliitish-grey. Distribution — Inner supra- 

 orbital, occipital, humeral and spinal {fide C. B. Ticehurst, 

 Vol. II., p. 190). 



JuvENELE Plumage. Acquked while in the nest, the Dowti- 

 Plumage being completely moulted. 



MALE. Forehead, lores, crown and nape dull greyish-black ; nuchal 

 spot yellowisli-white ; mantle, scapulars, and back olive-green ; rump and 

 upper tail-coverts smoke-grey ; ear-coverts, cheeks and sides of neck 

 yello wish- white ; chin and throat, greyish-black and a narrowing 

 line of the same colour down the middle of the breast and belly ; rest 

 of breast, belly and flanks pale yellow ; under tail-coverts white ; tail- 

 feathers (except the central pair, which are dull blue-grey with black 

 shaft-streaks) brownish-black, the outer pair having the outer webs 

 white and a varying portion of the inner webs from the tip in a 

 wedge-shape white, the next two pairs having blue-grey outer webs 

 and small white tips on the outer webs, the rest with blue-grey outer 

 webs ; under wing-coverts white ; axillaries pale yellow ; primaries 

 brownish-black, with narrow blue-grey edges to the outer, and narrow 

 white edges to the inner, webs ; secondaries brownish-black, with 

 broad yellowish-green edges to the outer, and white edges to the inner, 

 webs, the two innermost secondaries with broader yellowish edges ; 

 primary-coverts like the primaries, but with the edges duller ; greater- 

 coverts smoke-grey, with greenish edges and pale yellow tips ; median 

 and lesser-coverts smoke-grey, with faint greenish edges. 



FEMALE. Like the male, but with the head and chin browner 

 black, and the primary -coverts browner and with greenish, not such 

 blue-grey, edgings. 



First Winter- Plum age. Acquired by a complete moult, 

 with the exception of the remiges (two and occasionally three 

 of the innermost secondaries are moulted), primary-coverts, 

 and rectrices, except the central pair which are moulted. 



MALE. Forehead, lores, crown and nape glossy blue-black ; nuchal 

 spot white ; upper mantle greenish-yellow ; rest of mantle, scapulars and 

 back yellowish-green ; rximp and upper tail-coverts blue-grey ; ear-coverts 

 and cheeks white ; sides of neck blue-black (some of the feathers with 

 green tips), extending backwards and forwards and joining the blue- 

 black nape and throat and upper breast, which are also blue-black ; 

 chin black ; centre of breast and belly black, becoming more extended 

 on the belly ; sides of breast and flanks deei^ yellow ; vent and under 

 tail-coverts black in centre, white at sides ; tail-feathers as in the 

 Juvenile, but the central pair a brighter blue-grey ; under wing-coverts 

 black and white ; axillaries pale yellow ; primaries and secondaries as 



