14 THE ANATOMY OF THE ADULT HUMAN SALIVARY GLANDS 



two ventral, drain by short ducts into the main submaxillary duct on 

 the hyoglossus muscle. 



The first ventral accessory gland is a long tongue-shaped mass wliich 

 extends cephalad into the angle between the geniohyoid and the 

 geniohyoglossus muscles. This seems to be a fairly constant, or at 

 least very frequent, component of the accessory submaxillary group. 

 It is seen (/") in a typical instance, in Fig. 17, with its cephalic pro- 

 longation abutting against the mesal surface of the lesser subhngual 

 mass (j). In tliis individual there is also a single large dorsal acces- 

 sory submaxillary gland which lies on the hyo- and stylo-glossus 

 between the cephalic pole of the main gland (/) and the lingual nerve 

 ij8), separated by the latter structure from the dorsocaudal extension 

 of the lesser sublingual mass (j) towards the arcus palatinus. 



A still more highly developed instance of the ventral accessory 

 submaxillary gland is shown in Fig. 8. In this indi\adual, again with 

 absence of the greater subhngual or Barthohnian gland, the submaxil- 

 lary duct receives the drainage of two smaller dorsal accessory glands 

 (/") above the mylohyoid. The ventral accessory gland (/") opens 

 by a short canal into the main duct nearer the hilus. Its body forms 

 an elongated voluininous mass which extends forward, with the 

 cephaUc extremity imder cover of the lesser subhngual glands, nearly 

 to the symphysis. 



In all these forms the ventral accessory submaxillary gland is char- 

 acterized by its forward extension along the floor of the mouth in 

 intimate relation with the medial surface of the lesser subhngual mass, 

 and of the Barthohnian gland, when the same is present. The secre- 

 tion drains in a cephalocaudal direction back into the main submaxil- 

 lary duct near the liilus. In a few adult human subjects the site of 

 the usual ventral accessory gland is occupied by a submaxillary com- 

 ponent whose duct is directed cephalad, accompanying the ventral 

 border of the main submaxillary duct, into wHch it opens after a 

 longer or shorter independent course. This gland resembles very 

 closely the element which is found in the submaxillary complex of 

 some of the lower primates and which I have termed the secondary 

 submaxillary gland and duct to distinguish it from the more commonly 

 encountered accessory submaxillary glands and ducts. 



The greater individual character and independence of this gland, as 



