INTRODUCTION 



At the eighteenth session of the Association of American Anatomists, 

 held in Philadelphia December-January, 1905, our late colleague and 

 friend, Dr. Churchill Carmalt, presented the results of an extensive 

 research, occupying several years, on the comparative morphology 

 of the vertebrate salivary structures, with especial reference to the 

 mammaha. Dr. Carmalt died suddenly on Jan. 8, 1905, within a 

 week of the time at which he presented his communication to the 

 Association. 



As his close friends and associates of many years, and as the scien- 

 tific executors of the material he left to the University he served so 

 well, and honored by his services, we undertook to preserve the results 

 of the careful and brilliant work he performed in the cause of Ameri- 

 can scientific anatomy. Unfortunately, his paper was presented 

 orally, with numerous photographic lantern shdes, but without even 

 a written synopsis. In undertaking the pubHcation of Carmalt's 

 work we found ourselves confronted by a large amount of carefully 

 and beautifully prepared material, and a number of rough and dis- 

 connected notes which evidently formed, for him, the basis of a future 

 finished publication, but which we, only moderately familiar with the 

 general trend and results of his researches, could not edit. In antici- 

 pation of the forthcoming pubUcation the artist of the Anatomical 

 Department, Mr. Petersen, had prepared a large number of illustra- 

 tions, under Dr. Carmalt's directions. The present editors wish here 

 to express their sense of obligation to Mr. Petersen for his aid in classi- 

 fying and identifying this illustrative material. We were, in other 

 words, in possession of an extremely complete set of preparations and 

 illustrations for publication, but lacked the accompanying manu- 

 script, and were devoid of the personal knowledge of the material 

 which would have enabled us to group Carmalt's notes into a consecu- 

 tive account. Moreover, in addition to his own extensive comparative 

 material, Carmalt had, through the courtesy of Professor C. F. W. 



