96 SALIVARY GLANDS OF LOWER PRIMATES 



the main duct encountered in tliis series is six, occurring in the specimen 

 of Cynocephalus hamadryas shown in Fig. 5. 



The submaxillary is a single gland without additional elements 

 derived from the duct in both Lemurs here described (Figs. 12 and 13). 



N yctipilhecus (Fig. 8) also possesses a long simple submaxillary 

 duct, but the gland is very large, occupying an infrahyoid position 

 in the ventral cervical region. 



The remaining three South American forms (Figs. 9, 10, 11) all 

 possess additional submaxillary elements. All three show accessory 

 submaxillary glands (/") and both Lagothrix (Fig. 10) and Akles sp. 

 (Fig. 11) carry also a clearly defined secondary gland (/')• As far as 

 can be therefore determined from the small number of individuals 

 examined, the secondary submaxillary gland is more prevalent in the 

 Cebidcc, although it is also encountered, slightly modified, in Old- 

 World forms {Macacus nemestrinus Fig. 7), and as a human variant 

 (Part I. Figs. 7 and g). With exception of the specimens of Simla 

 satynis (Fig. i) and Macacus cyiiomolgus (Fig. 6), all the lower primates 

 of the Old World here reported show an increase in the development 

 of the submaxillary line by the acquisition of accessory supramylo- 

 hyoid glands. In connection with the frequent occurrence of corre- 

 sponding elements in the human subject this extension of the submaxil- 

 lary anlage may be accepted as a very widely distributed and typical 

 general primate salivary character. 



2. The greater sublingual line. 



Gl. Bartholini. 



Gl. sublingualis monoslonialica, Illing. 



Gl. sublingualis major, B.N. A. 



The greater sublingual gland is a frequent, but not constant, com- 

 ponent of the alveolingual salivary complex of the lower primates. 

 In this regard there appears a marked difference in comparing the 

 Old- and New- World monkeys. Thus in the series here illustrated the 

 gland is only found in one South American species, the specimen of 

 Ateles shown in Fig. 11, whereas it is lacking in the remaining three 

 Cebida£, N ycti pithecus irivirgaius (Fig. 8), Ateles hybridus (Fig. 9), and 

 Lagothrix humboldtii (Fig. 10). 



On the other hand, the greater sublingual gland is present in all the 



