SALIVARY GLANDS OF LOWER PRIMATES m 



II. Derivatives from the intermediate alveolingual field : — 

 Greater sublingual gland and duct. 

 Glandula sublingualis, s. Bartholini. 

 Ductus Bartholini. 



Glandula sublingualis monostomatica (Tiling). 

 Glandula retrolingualis (Ranvier). 



III. Derivatives from the lateral alveolingual field : — 

 Lesser sublingual glands and ducts. 

 (Glandule et) ductus sublinguales minores, B.N. A. 

 Glandule et ductus Rivini. 

 Glandula sublingualis polystomatica (lUing). 



We have, of course, encountered the difiiculty met by all previous 

 investigators of the mammaUan salivary apparatus, which is based 

 on the complexity of the nomenclature, and the unsatisfactory char- 

 acter of the homologies which have been drawn between different 

 groups, and especially between the human glands and those of other 

 mammalia. We have no desire or intention of further comphcating 

 the terminolog>' of these structures, and the foregoing table is intro- 

 duced solely for the purpose of calling attention to what we consider 

 the chief cause of the difficulty. This we believe consists in the ten- 

 dency to confound glands of genetically different origin and signifi- 

 cance with each other. This tendency is augmented by failure to 

 recognize the instable and inconstant character of certain of the sec- 

 ondary components which may enter into the alveolingual group in 

 certain forms, while they default in others. The most important of 

 these variable structures are those that we have above designated 

 as the secondary or lesser submaxillary gland and duct and the greater 

 sublingual or Barthohnian gland. Most of the confusion appears to 

 have arisen through confounding these two genetically separate and 

 different derivatives, and hence regarding them as mutually inter- 

 changeable and equivalent components. That they do not possess this 

 significance is proved by their simultaneous occurrence in the species 

 of Ateles shown above in Figs, ii and 25. One or the other, or both, 

 may, however, default entirely in certain forms. The Bartholinian 

 gland is in most species altogether prelingual, although in a few its 

 caudal extremity may reach and extend beyond the intersection of 



