146 PRIMATE ALVEOLINGUAL SALIVARY AREA 



phological or ontogenetic justification, called a " retrolingual " gland. 

 It is possible to define in certain mammals a " retrolingual " gland 

 which extends far caudad of the lingual nerve into the neck or 

 upon the ventrolateral wall of the thorax. This is seen in many 

 of the myrmecophagous Edentates in its fullest development. It is 

 quite evident that this specialized development of the intermandibular 

 glandular field should be interpreted as an extension of the inter- 

 mediate field, ordinarily yielding in the more individualized primate 

 only the supramylohyoid glandula sublingualis major, s. Bartholini, 

 in other tj'pical more generahzed forms capable of extension caudad 

 of the Hngual nerve, thus forming a "retrolingual" gland in the 

 perverted sense in which Ranvier employed this term. 



2 



Fig. 20. Schema of alvcolingual salivary complex of Lemur varius 

 (Part III, Fig. 12). 



1. Submaxillary gland and duel. 



2. Greater sublingual gland and duct. 

 J. Lesser sublingual glands. 



II. A second general group of primate intermandibular salivary 

 organization is characterized by the union of the subma.xillary and 

 greater sublingual (Bartholinian) ducts shortly prior to their opening 

 through a single parafrenular common orifice. In its simplest form 

 this type is found in the specimen of Lemur varius (Fig. 12, Part III, 

 and schema Fig. 20, Part IV). It is also seen in the adult human 

 subject of Fig. 9, Part I (schema Fig. 21, Part IV), although in this 

 case the main subma.xillary duct also drains an accessory subma.xillary 

 glandular mass (/"). 



The development of tliis ty|)e is schematically indicated on the left 

 side of Fig. 19, Part IV. In addition, two important variants in the 

 primate series here recorded belong to this general group. 



{a) The first is the aberrant arrangement noted in the specimen of 

 Troglodytes niger (Fig. 2, Part III, and schema Fig. 22, Part IV). 



