ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 1 57 



duct is ectomasseteric, crossing the muscle obliquely or horizontally 

 (transmuscular) and, so far as known, never, except in the embryo of 

 the cat, following its border (inframuscular), as in ungulates. The 

 orifice is usually opposite the upper carnassial tooth. Accessory 

 lobules are sometimes attached to the transmuscular portion of the 

 duct (Mivart, Wilder, Reighard and Jennings). They represent 

 isolated portions of an efflorescence of the duct, which may extend from 

 the body of the gland to the border of the masseter muscle (Fig. 13). 



2. GlandulcB orbitalcs. — These elements, six to eight in number, 

 are embedded in the infraorbital fat, where they form a mass diminish- 

 ing in size caudad. Their ducts are entomasseteric ; they pierce the 

 buccinator and open in series with that of the parotid, upon a low 

 stomal ridge opposite the upper molars and behind them. The ridge 

 terniinates in the interval between the internal pterygoid and masseter 

 muscles, where some of the caudal elements open. The first orbital 

 gland was discovered by Nuck and has occasionally borne his name. 

 It is variously styled orbital, infraorbital, zygomatic, and subzygo- 

 matic in the literature. The plurality of elements is usually over- 

 looked. Three ducts were observed in the dog by Ellenberger and 

 Baum. Ward records the presence of several such glands in man, in 

 line with the parotid duct and interposed between the masseter and 

 buccinator muscles, which he terms molar glands. Recently Liadze 

 ('id) has given a detailed account of these elements in the cat and dog. 



3. Glandula orbitoparoiis. — A constant element, which, when of 

 small size, occupies the space bounded by the border of the masseter, 

 the parotid duct, and the oral mucous membrane, i.e. has a promasse- 

 teric position and is intermediate between the parotid and orbital 

 elements. When larger, it may assume an inframuscular or even 

 ectomasseteric position. The duct opens either into the pro.ximal 

 portion of the parotid duct, or independently upon the stomal ridge 

 between the parotid orifice and that of the first orbital gland. 



4. Glandula alveobuccales iiifcriorcs (molar gland or inferior 

 labial glands of authors). — The term designates a series of glands 

 associated with the sulcus of the same name, and does not include 

 scattered glands of the cheek, which, in none of our specimens, at- 

 tained macroscopic size. They extend when well developed from the 

 diastemal fold to the deep facial vein and the border of the masseter, 



