1 68 ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 



their development. The duct is continued horizontally forward from 

 the Ungual nerve, dorsal to, and in immediate contact with, the sub- 

 maxillary duct, from which position it deviates laterad close to its 

 orifice on the caruncula saHvaris. 



The lesser sublingual glands (Fig. 4, 18) are represented by a number 

 of small elements in the vicinity of the Ungual nerve, for the most part 

 dorsal to the ducts of the larger glands. They occupy an area measur- 

 ing about 1.5 centimeters sagittally, crossed near its middle by the 

 lingual nerv-e (2p). They are placed near the ventral extremity of 

 the arcus palatinus, with the glands of wliich (the isthmian glands) 

 they are continuous, and from which they cannot be distinguished 

 in the adult cat. Tliis condition no doubt accounts for the frequency 

 with which they are reported absent in descriptions of the cat. Their 

 presence is recognized by Zumstein and Tiling, but I fail to see why 

 these investigators have restricted them by definition to a preUngual po- 

 sition, for they are in perfect continuity with postlingual glands of the 

 same character, and it is obvious that such a topographical landmark 

 as the lingual nerve can have no great morphological importance. They 

 are for the most part dorsal rather than lateral to the ducts, as Illing 

 states, and certainly not ventral as he represents them in his Fig. i. 



The propriety of separating the lesser sublinguals morphologically 

 from the isthmian glands may be questioned because of the continuity 

 of the two groups in the adult. In an embryo of 70 millimeters three 

 undoubted anlages of the lesser subUnguals were present, preUngual 

 in position, and separated by a wide interval from the glandular 

 anlages of the faucial region, with which they agreed in being simple 

 sprouts. The arcus palatinus was not defined (Schulte). Tliis seems 

 a sulificient reason for recognizing two foci of gland formation which 

 extend and ultimately meet in the arcus palatinus, but as yet there is 

 nothing to show which focus plays the major role in the process. The 

 condition of these elements in the glutton (Fig. 13) is important in this 

 connection. In it the arcus palatinus is free of glands except for its 

 extreme ventral end. Here, in the position of the lesser subUnguals 

 of the cat, both behind and in front of the lingual nerve is a group of 

 smaU scattered elements. This condition, taken in connection with 

 that of the embryo cat referred to, justifies the recognition of a lesser 

 subungual series in the carnivora, distinct, though rarely separate 



