178 ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 



course of its duct it seems to be equivalent to the \'entral parotid of 

 Hyrax (Carmalt, Huntington). The one difficulty iji interpreting it 

 as an orbitoparotid, the dorsal crossing of the duct, seems to be met 

 by the position of the orbitoparotid of the opposite side before 

 referred to. Should such an element attain a larger growth, its sprout 

 would cross the parotid duct dorsally, and this is the more probable in 

 view of the primitive intramuscular position of the parotid duct in the 

 only carnivore in which its development is known. So far as our 

 knowledge of these variants at present extends, I can see no objection, 

 nor, indeed, any alternative, to the interpretation of this element as 

 an orbitoparotid gland. 



The other glands closely resemble those of the left side. There is, 

 however, a difference in the relations and relative development of 

 the e.xtradigastric lobules of the greater sublingual and the accessory 

 portion of the submaxillary. The latter is reduced, and resolved into 

 a small portion retaining its relation to the body of the gland, and an 

 outlying small lobule which rests against, and is to some extent em- 

 bedded in, the sublingualis major. This is of greater development 

 than on the opposite side and, passing mesal to the accessory sub- 

 maxillary, abuts upon the extension of that gland along its duct. 

 In the comparison of the conditions here upon the two sides we have 

 a striking example of the manner in which these elements substitute 

 for one another within the limits of a confined space. 



Meckel notes the large size of the parotid in several of the Procy- 

 onidte (Mustek, Lutra, Nama, Taxus) and its enormous development 

 in Procyon. He seems to consider the orbital glands as belonging to 

 the inferior alveobuccal group, as he occasionally refers to both as 

 Backendriisen, though quite as frequently he terms the former Aiigen- 

 hdklendriisen, the latter Lippendriisen. He notes the large size of 

 the orbitals in Mustek and Lutra. Zumstein describes in detail the 

 glands of the alveolingual region in Putorius. The sublingualis major 

 is ental to the digastric muscle, which separates it from the subma.xil- 

 laiy, while its body extends forward to near the lingual nerve. Its 

 duct opens at the caruncle lateral to that of the submaxillary in P. 

 vulgaris and P. erminea ; in P. europea its orifice is situated i centi- 

 meter caudal to this point. The lesser sublinguals are dorsal to the 

 larger ducts; in P. europea they have an extent of about 1.5 centi- 



