l8o ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 



were found. The orbital series and the inferior alveobuccal glands 

 were present and of moderate development. 



[In a recently acquired specimen of Macrorhinus angustirostris (Columbia 

 Morphological ^Museum, No. 2154) the parotid gland is absent, as are also the 

 orbitals. The submaxillary is large and lies immediately below the auditory 

 meatus, overlying the masseter, and dorsal rather than lateral to the digastric 

 muscle, so that topographically it has usurped the position of the parotid. Its 

 duct has the usual course, but opens at the side of the tongue caudal to the 

 frenulum. The greater sublingual is absent ; the lesser sublinguals are present in 

 the form of very small scattered glands in the arcus palatinus and the caudal 

 portion of the alveolingual region. 



The divergent findings in the pinnipedia illustrate the difficulties of this 

 suborder and the need of more extended observations. Nor are the reports in 

 the literature more concordant: Cuvier is responsible for the statement that the 

 parotid, sublingual, and orbitals are absent in the seals (Seehunde) ; Meckel also 

 reports the absence of the sublingual, and notes the small size of the parotid and 

 submaxillary, while Owen states of the seal tribe in general that the parotid is 

 small or wanting and that there are no orbital glands. — Editors' Note.] 



It is apparent from the foregoing data that in each of the larger 

 saUvary glands, the parotid, the subma.xillary, and the greater sublin- 

 gual, we may distinguish between a body proper and a highly variable 

 extension along the duct, which may have the character of a massive 

 prolongation, or, when less developed, appear in the form of isolated 

 lobules usually termed accessory. 



The sublingualis major among the carnivora has this extension more 

 highly and more uniformly developed than the other glands. The 

 anlage is in the cat a thickening of the epithelium of the alveohngual 

 region just caudad of the lingual nerve. Here a distally growing 

 sprout is formed, which soon branches, and gives rise to all the epithe- 

 lium of the gland beyond the point of division of the duct. The 

 proUferation which gives rise to the sprout advances craniad along the 

 oral epithelium as a keel, which, becoming free, forms the duct. 

 Secondarily and at a later period the duct becomes incrusted with 

 small sprouts from the region of bifurcation as far proximad as the 

 Ungual nerve. There are then grounds for regarding the earUer 

 formed portion, with forking ducts, as the primary gland, to which 

 is added a prolongation by the secondary development of small cir- 

 cumductular lobules. This portion is highly variable. Regularly 



