ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA l8l 



present and well developed in the dog and cat, it was in one instance 

 totally suppressed. Rudimentary in Procyon and in Ursus thibetanus, 

 it is suppressed in the Mustelidje that we have examined, while in 

 Zalophus it constitutes the bulk of the gland and extends far forward 

 towards the frenulum. 



The submaxillary gland resembles the sublingualis major in the 

 formation of its duct by an advancing proliferation, with this differ- 

 ence, that the segment in the vicinity of the lingual nerve appears as 

 the thickening of the border of a bhnd fold or flange associated with 

 the lingual sulcus. When the duct becomes free, the intermediate 

 portion of the flange remains attached to its dorsum. While this 

 gives rise to no sprouts in the cat, the preponderating dorsal position 

 of accessory submaxillary lobules points to it as favoring the develop- 

 ment of sprouts. Only in one instance (Procyon) was a ventral 

 lobule found. In comparison with other orders, the carnivora present 

 but a small range of variation as regards these elements ; possibly this 

 stands in relation to the uniformly large size of the digastric muscle. 

 In the cat and dog, where the material was sufficiently abundant to 

 give some weight to general statements, but one was found. They 

 occurred, in contact and intimately united to the body of the gland, 

 in Taxidea and on one side in Gulo. As isolated lobules they were 

 found along the posthngual segment of the duct in Mephitis, Taxidea, 

 and Zalophus, and one on the left side of Gulo. 



The parotid resembles the submaxillary in the presence of a fiange 

 in connection with its aniage, which Ukewise gives rise to a distal 

 sprout and a proximal keel. The latter forms the oral segment of 

 the duct, at least as far as the border of the masseter. At an early 

 period a variable sprout is formed arising from the fiange, in the 

 angle between the parotid sprout and the oral epithelium. This 

 evidently corresponds in position to the intermediate portion of the 

 submaxillary flange. As the duct is freed by constriction, it is clear 

 that this sprout cannot long retain its attachment at the angle 

 between the duct and the mouth, but must become separated from 

 one or the other. In later stages it is found arising sometimes from 

 the duct, more frequently from the oral epithelium between the parotid 

 and the first orbital gland. On account of its intennediate character 

 it has been termed the orbitoparotid element. There is evidence that 



