ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 



183 



pointed proximad, with a horizontal or nearly horizontal long axis, the 

 duct emerging from the apex. This shape is characteristic of the 

 intermediate stages of development in the cat, and is retained in 

 the adults of other genera where the gland is small, e.g. the parotid 

 of Zalophus. 



The sublingualis major (Fig. 16) retains its developmental form 

 in Mephitis and Taxidea. A rudimentary circumductular portion is 

 added in Procyon and Ursus thibetanus. In all these the body is 

 of small size. Its larger growth brings it into intimate contact with 

 the mylohyoid against which it is molded, presenting a gutter to 



a- b. c d e. 



Fig. 16. Schemata of the greater sublingual gland in relation to the digastric 

 muscle. The gland is represented in horizontal section. 



a. Glutton. c. Cat, embryo. 



b. Cat, variant. d. Sea-lion. 



e. Cat, usual type. 



the muscle and tending to extend itself on its ental and ectal aspects. 

 This condition obtains in Felis and Canis. In Gulo, where the muscle 

 is of great size, the gland is almost divided into two portions. 



In the case of the submaxillary (Fig. 17) we may distinguish forms 

 of small, of moderate, and of great development. In the first class 

 the gland is of the embryonic type except that its axis is more dis- 

 tinctly oblique ; the body rests against the cephalohumeralis muscle 

 (Procyon). As the gland enlarges, the influence of the muscle becomes 

 more pronounced and the axis becomes vertical (Mephitis). The duct 

 loses its apical emerge and is displaced ventrad; a dorsal pole 

 begins to rise above the hilus (Taxidea, Gulo). These fonns have also 

 an extension along the duct. The large glands, retaining the vertical 

 axis, develop a larger dorsal pole, while the duct emerges from, or near 



