1 86 ANATOMY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE CARNIVORA 



Ursus thibetanus). The cranial members are always smaller and are 

 reduced in Taxidea ; they may be suppressed and the mass reduced 

 to a small body near the angulus oris (Gulo). In none of our speci- 

 mens do they reach the parotid duct or surround its proximal segment. 



The lesser sublingual glands tend to reduction in the carnivora, 

 especially at the cranial end of the series. In none of our specimens 

 were they found in the vicinity of the caruncle or near the orifices of the 

 submaxillary and sublingual glands. Caudad they extend to the 

 beginning of the arcus palatinus and here seem to be always present, 

 while the isthmian glands may be suppressed (Gulo, Zalophus). 

 The lesser sublinguals were most extensively developed in an indi\-idual 

 of Taxidea in which the sublinguahs major was suppressed (Fig. 12). 

 They here extend from the frenulum to the arcus palatinus and are 

 placed lateral to the larger ducts in the cranial portion of their course, 

 becoming dorsal as the Ungual nerve is approached ; a similar condi- 

 tion is found in Ursus thibetanus (Fig. 8). In a second badger they 

 are of less extent (Fig. 11) and resemble those of Procyon (Fig. 9). 

 In Zalophus they are well developed, but the isthmian glands are 

 suppressed (Fig. 15). In the other forms examined they are confined 

 to the \icinity of the lingual nerve, caudal to which they are continu- 

 ous with the isthmian glands if the latter are present (Cards, Felis, 

 Mephitis). The isthmian glands are suppressed in Gulo, where the 

 lesser sublinguals also are extremely rudimentary. 



The orbital glands form a series of sLx to eight elements diminish- 

 ing in size caudad. In the cat the first three have a development 

 similar to that of the subungualis major ; the remainder seem to be 

 simple sprouts. In the cat the diminution of the series is gradual, 

 in the dog abrupt, the first orbital being here of great relative size. 



The orbitoparotid gland is an inconstant and usually small element- 

 In the cat it is always confined to the region in front of the border of 

 the masseter between the parotid duct and the oral epithelium. 

 It opens either into the mouth or into the parotid duct. An element 

 of this description was found in Gulo on one side, opening upon the 

 stomal ridge. In the same specimen on the right side a larger orbito- 

 parotid was present (Fig. 14) with a slender duct opening into that of 

 the parotid and a body near the ventral angle of the larger gland. 

 In Procyon, also, a large orbitoparotid was found (Fig. 9). inframus- 



