326 MAMMALIAN ALVEOLINGUAL SALIVARY .AREA 



Statements of the older writers are ambiguous in their use of the term 

 "sublingual," which may be applied to either the Bartholinian or the 

 Rivinian elements, or vaguely to a gland mass in which both are in- 

 cluded, as is still the custom of human anatomists. 



Cu\ier seems to have been the first to recognize the composite nature 

 of the sublingual mass, but largely through the misconception of Meckel 

 his results failed to effect a lasting improvement. In the pig he de- 

 scribed, in addition to the submaxillary, two sublingual glands, the 

 first narrow and elongated, with a single duct accompanying that of 

 the submaxillary, the second of more cranial position draining by eight 

 or ten ducts in a row. With this analysis the results of Reichel, 

 Chievitz, Zumstein, lUing, Carmalt, Huntington, and Silvester are 

 in substantial agreement, and have further estabhshed its general 

 vaHdity for the mammalia. We may, therefore, recognize as typical 

 of the alveoUngual region the presence of two large glands and a 

 series of small elements as follows : — - 



1. Glandula submaxillaris BNA; maxillaire, Cuvier. 



2. Glandula subungualis major, corresponding to the Ductus sublin- 

 guahs major of the BNA ; greater sublingual gland, Bartholinian gland; 

 premiere sublinguale, Cuvier; Glandula sublinguahs, Chievitz; 

 Glandula sublingualis Bartholini s. monostomatica, lUing; retrolin- 

 guale, subhnguale, according to its relation to the lingual nerve, 

 Ranvier ; Glandula retrohnguahs, Zumstein. 



3. GlandidcB siihlinguales minores, corresponding to the Ductus 

 sublinguales minores of the BNA ; lesser sublingual glands, Rivinian 

 glands; deuxieme sublinguale, Cuvier; Glandulas alveololinguales, 

 Chievitz ; Glandula sublingualis Rivini s. polystomatica, Illing ; 

 Glandula subhngualis, Ranvier, Zumstein, Hammar ; Glandes sublin- 

 guales accessoires, Bujard. 



By massa sublingualis (Driisenconglomerat der gessammten 

 Gl. sublingualis autorum, Chievitz) is meant an aggregate of these 

 glandular elements in a common connective tissue investment, as in 

 man, where the lesser subhnguals, the Barthohnian element when 

 present, and frequently supramylohyoid lobules of the submaxillary, 

 are so conjoined. 



With regard to the definition of these several elements, it must be 

 premised that their topographical relations are only of approximative 



