THORAX AND ABDOMEN OF THE HORSE 



63 



Tnter-transverse ligaments (ligamenta intertransversaria) ai'e 

 developed in the lumbar region, where the transverse processes are best 

 developed. In the Equidse, between the fourth and fifth, fifth and 

 sixth, and sixth lumbar and first sacral vertebra?, joint capsules, 

 strengthened ventrally, surround intertransverse diarthroses. 



The movements that are possible between any two adjoining 

 vertebrae are obviously not very extensive; but the sum of the move- 

 ments in all the joints of a region of the vertebral column may result in 

 a very appreciable bending in a dorsal, ventral, or lateral direction. 

 In addition, it must be remembered that a small amount of rotation of 

 each vertebra about the longitudinal axis of the body is possible. 



Spinous process. 



Lig. colli costse. 

 Lig. costotransversarium 

 dorsale. 



, Transverse process. 

 Capsula articularis. 



Capsula articularis (cut). , , \ \ s / tt j r -i 



^ T • J- 1 1 \ \ 1 ^ / Head of nb. 



Lig. radiatum. ' \ X 



Lig. interarticulare..' V — ' / ^- Body of vertebra. 

 Fig. 26. — The costo-vertebral articulations. Cranial asiiecl. 



During any movement between a vertebra and its neighbour, their 

 articular surfaces glide over each other in an excursion of limited 

 extent. 



Naturally, in the thoracic region the range of movement is restricted 

 by the character of the articular surfaces and the presence of ribs. 



The costo-vertebral articulations (articulationes costo- 

 vertebrales). — The head of a rib being in contact with the costal fove?e 

 of the bodies of two adjoining vertebrpe, and the tubercle of the rib 

 articulating with the transverse process of the more caudal of the two 

 vertebrae, it follows that there are two joints between a typical rib and 

 the vertebral column. 



(1) The capitular articulation (articulatio capituli costae) is 



