2. i>p;ntanemus. 'A3\ 



1. Pentanemus quinquarius. 



IVntaneinus, Artedi, I. c. pi. 27. f. 2. 



Polynemus, Groiinv. Mus. Ichthyol. i. no. 74. p. 31. 



quinquarius, L. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 521; Gronov. Si/st. ed. (rntij, p. 17(5 



artedii, Bcnn. Proc. Zool. Soc. i. p. 14(j. 



macrouemus, Pel, Bydrage tot de dierk. 1851, p. 9. 



D. 8|-. A. 4. L. lat. 7.3. L. transv. 6/17. Ca3c. pylor. 7? 

 Vert. 9/15. 



Five free pectoral appendages, twice as long as the body. 

 West coas^ of Africa ; Caribbean feca. 



a. Adult. River Niger. From Mr. Fiuser's Collection. 



b. Adult. Ashantee. 



c. Adult. Africa. 



(/. Adult female: skeleton. Africa. Presented by the Zoological 



Society. 

 e. Adult. Africa. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

 /, g. Half-grown. Africa. From the Haslar tlollection. 

 h, i. Half- grown. Africa 

 I:. Half-grown. Africa. 

 /. Half- grown. Cuba. Pi-esented by the Zoological Society. 



I found the stomach filled with small entomostraca. 



Skeleton. — The system of the mucifcrous channels of the bones of 

 the skull is well developed, the channels themselves being very open, 

 and. closed by bony plates at a few parts only. The upper surface 

 of the skull is provided mth three lopgitudinal channels, a median 

 one and one on each side, running from the turbinal bone, which is 

 short, triangular, and hoUow, above the orbit and the temjioral 

 region to the scapula ; all the three channels show a series of 

 large open foramina. The occi])ital crest and another lateral one 

 are moderately elevated and very thin, whilst the entire outer crest 

 is transformed into a part of the lateral channel. The cleft of 

 the mouth Ijcing very wide, the jaw-bones are relatively much 

 elongate : the maxillary is styliform in its basal third, and gradually 

 widens in its other two thirds ; the intermaxillary is as long as the 

 maxillary, slender, styhfonn, with a very narrow band of minute 

 teeth and with the posterior processes very short. The mandibula 

 is feeble, toothed like the intermaxillary, and with a wide cleft 

 between the dentary and articidary bones. The head of the vomer 

 has anteriorly two prominent ridges, meeting at a rather obtuse 

 angle, behind which is a deep groove ; it is perfectly toothless, like 

 the palatine bone, which is very short, one-fourth only of the length 

 of the pterygoid. The prscoperciilum is narrow, scmihinatc, with a 

 very distinct mucifcrous channel ; the operculum ti-iangular, with a 

 slight ridge on its inner surface. The basal portion of th(> brain- 

 tapside is slightly swollen on each side of thobasisplienoid. showing a 

 triangular im]n-ession be l ween the two swellings. Tin; glossohyal 

 is small, sfylilbrm, \hv ceratohyal olongalc. T/ir snuj) /xi/oraJ 

 a/>j>ciiilar/(s an jantr'f la iJh jiosli nor ii"iri/ui of flu i-ai/ms, wbirli is 



