496 CARANGIDiE. 



Zens, sp. 3, Artedi, Genera, p. 50. 



aper, L. Syst. i. p. 455 ; Bl. Schn. p. 96. 



Perca pusilla, Brunn. Ichth. Mass. p. 62 ; Bl. Schn. p. 88 ; Shaw, Zool. 



iv. p. 550. 



Drminich, Lacep. iv. pp. 412, 413. 



Capros aper, Lacep. iv. p. 591 ; Ri^so, Eur. Merid. iv. p. 380 ; Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 114; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, i. p. 190; Cuv. ^ Val. 



X. p. 30. pi. 281 ; Guichen. Explor. Alger. Poiss. p. 65 ; Cuv. B^yne 



Anim. Bl. Poiss. pi. 60. f. 2; Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii. p. 183; 



Andrews, in Natur. Hist. Review, 1858, p. 188. 

 Zeus childrenii, Bowd. Excurs. Madeira, p. 124. 



D. 9 I 23-24. A. 3 | 23. V. 1/5. C«c. pylor. 2. Vert. 10/12-13. 



The upper and lower profiles of the snout concave. Scales small ; 

 spines of the dorsal and ventral fins strong. Uniform brownish-red. 



Mediterranean ; occasionally taken on the south coast of England 

 and Ireland (Ventry Harbour; Dingle Bay). 



a. Half-grown. Mediterranean. Purchased of Mr. Frank. 

 6. Adult. Dalmatia. 



c. Adult. Madeira. From the Haslar Collection. 



d. Adult. Brighton. Presented by J. R. Reeves, Esq. 



e. Adult: stuffed. Plymouth. Presented by Lieut. H.F. Soence, R.N. 

 /. A dult : stuffed. Weymouth Bay. 



g-Jc. Adult : dried. From Mr. Yarrell's Collection. 



I. Adult : dried. 



m, n. Half-grown. From the Haslar Collection. 



0. Adult : skeleton. Madeira. From the Haslar (JoUection. 



STceleton. — The bones of the skull have the outer surface very 

 rough, finely striated, and porous. There is a very strong, elevated 

 triangular crest on the crown of the head. Immediately before this 

 crest, and between the frontal bones, is a wide cleft to receive the 

 processes of the intermaxillaries, which are exceedingly long, and 

 penetrate into the interior of the cavity of the skuU. The supra- 

 occipital is very thin on the sides of the crest, and, this part being 

 easily broken, the skuU appears to be provided mth two foramina. 

 There is another round cavity on each side of the posterior part of the 

 skull. The turbinal bones appear to be united, forming a kind of 

 roof, below which the processes of the intermaxillaries move The 

 maxillary is narrow, not dilated at the extremity ; the intemiax- 

 niary has the lateral portion little developed, but the posterior pro- 

 cesses exceedingly long. The mandibula is rather long, slightly 

 curved, and is highest in its middle ; there is no free space between 

 the dentary and articulary bones. The infraorbital ring is composed 

 of three pieces : the pra)orbital, which is quadrangular ; a middle 

 piece, of a more oblong form ; and a posterior one, wliich is narrow, 

 curved, and joined to the pra^operculum, without extending to the 

 upper posterior angle of the orbit. The prajoperculum has the 

 leaver limb rather shorter than the posterior ; both meet at an obtuse 

 angle. The operculum is very small and narrow ; the interoper- 

 culum is exceedingly narrow and styliform ; the subopcrculum 



