PROPULSION EFFECTED BY THE LIMBS. 



63 



draws the entire limb to the front ; the flexor muscles of the fore-arm 

 bend the knee, and the joints of the fetlock and pastern, so as to 

 enable the foot to clear the ground ; and the flexor brachii (p. 43) 

 assists in straightening the shoulder joint, and raises the knee ; and 

 the extensor muscles of the fore-arm finally straighten the knee and 

 all the joints below it. When full extension of the fore hmb takes 

 place, all the bones of the leg (from the shoulder-blade to the 

 pedal- bone) are straightened as far as possible. It is evident that 



Fig- 3S. 



Fig- 39- 



Fig. 40. 

 Running High Leap of Man. 



Fig. 41. 



the less upright (more sloping) the shoulder-blade is, the more can 

 the foot and knee be advanced, and raised. 



Propulsion by the hind limb of the horse takes place through the 

 hip joint and pelvis. The impetus from the fore leg at the various 

 paces may be regarded as through the elbow joint and humerus. 



