THROAT. 225 



the animal's breast, which the horse has to protect from 

 the irritation of flies by his muzzle, because his breast is 

 not provided with a hairy whisk or a twitching muscle 

 (p. 42). When a horse which has thus been trained, 

 is brought before an audience in the circus, he will signify 

 ''yes " or "no," with unconscious humour, as answers to 

 the funny questions of his trainer, who obtains the desired 

 replies by a simple wave of the hand towards the animal's 

 breast or neck, as the case may be. 



As the neck of a horse is particularly sensitive to the 

 attacks of flies, all horses which are kept in the open, 

 should be allowed to have long manes. 



Throat. — The wind-pipe should be large and well 

 detached from the neck ; as it will then indicate good 

 breathing power. Roaring often accompanies a wasted 

 appearance of the tissues which cover the larynx, and 

 is caused by paralysis of one or both of the muscles 

 which open the larynx. The size of these muscles is too 

 small to account for this peculiarly emaciated condition. 



