526 CONTINENTAL HORSES. 



Austrian Horses.* — In the Austro - Hungarian 

 Monarchy, horse-breeding is a profitable industry, which 

 is weU supported by the State for miHtary purposes. In 

 that country, there are, according to Cagny and Gobert 

 (Dictionnaire Vet&inaire), more than 3,500,000 horses 

 (about 10 to every 100 of the human population), 

 two millions of which belong to Hungary. 



The horses of Austria and Hungary may be broadly 

 classed as half-bred saddle and harness horses ; special 

 breeds (Kladrub, Lippizaner, Pinzgauer, etc.) ; and in- 

 digenous breeds, which " are about 14 hands high, rather 

 angular in shape, good workers, and closely resemble 

 the ponies used by Russian peasants " (Cagny and 

 Gobert). 



Kladrub Horses. — Owing to the close connection of 

 the Government and Court of Austria with those of Spain 

 and Italy, during the reigns of Charles V. and some of 

 his successors, many horses were imported into Austria 

 and Bohemia from Spain and Italy, with the result of the 

 formation of the " Kladrub Horse," which is used only 

 for Imperial purposes and by the Archbishop of Olmiitz 

 in Moravia, and which takes its name from the Kladrub 

 Imperial Stud in Bohemia. The chief characteristics of 

 this breed are their Roman noses, arched necks, heavy 

 crests, great height (the most prized being from 17 to 

 18 hands high), " extravagant " action and perpendicular 

 position of their necks when in harness. They evidently 

 inherit these peculiarities from their Spanish ancestors, 

 which had similar conformation and action ; and as these 

 characteristics are greatly admired, they have naturally 

 been accentuated during many years of artificial selection. 

 These horses are bred only in two colours, namely, black 

 and white. This breed, which is sometimes called " The 



* I have compiled the remarks on Austrian and Hungarian horses ahiiost entirely 

 from notes most kindly given to me by Mr. II. Reynolds, M.R.C.V.S., who has lived for 

 many years in Austria. He has also supplied me with the photographs of these horses. 



