THE BATS 



109 



upper premolars are reduced to two pairs. The skull is large, and 

 the nasal bones supporting the nose leaf are expanded vertically 

 or laterally. The nose leaf varies slightly in dimensions between 

 the male and the female, and is less developed in some forms 

 than in others. The tail is not very long, and is entirely enclosed 

 within the interfemoral membrane. 



The late Sir William Flower regarded the Rhinolophids as 

 the most highly organised and eleborately developed of the 

 insectivorous bats. 



Genus : RHINOLOPHUS. THE HORSESHOE BATS 



The dental formula is as follows: — In the upper jaw, one 



pair of rudimentary incisors, one pair of canines, two pairs of 



premolars, and three pairs of 



molars ; in the lower jaw, two 



pairs of incisors, one pair of 



canines, three pairs of premolars, 



and three pairs of molars. The 



molar teeth are armed with sharp 



cusps ranged in the shape of a 



W (as in a good many other 



forms of insectivorous bats). 



The first hind toe, or hallux, 

 has only two phalanges. Each 

 of the other toes has three. 

 Although there is no true tragus, 

 or earlet, its place is taken by an antitragus, which is a develop- 

 ment of the outer margin of the ear, and from which it is 

 separated by a notch. 



Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. The Greater Horseshoe Bat 



This creature, though not so remarkable in its development of 

 nasal cartilage as the genus Trianops, has nevertheless a sufficiently 

 extraordinary appendage to its nostrils. The nose leaf consists 

 of three portions. That which Hes immediately above the lip 



^^^ 



Head of Greater Horseshoe Bat 

 [Rhinolophus fei'rum-equinu7n) : to show 

 nose leaf. Note also absence of tragus 

 and large development of lobe of outer 

 margin of ear. Nearly twice natural size. 



