LEMURS, MONKEYS, AND MAN 377 



from Italy, Spain, and Southern Gaul, which reinforced the 

 dark-haired stock in Britain. There were red-headed Kelts and 

 flaxen-haired Belgi also in the Roman armies. Then before 

 the Romans left came the forerunners of the great Teutonic 

 invasion. Yellow-haired, blue-eyed men from Scandinavia, from 

 Western Germany, and Friesland began to settle on the coasts 

 of Scotland and East Anglia, and after the Romans left the 

 Teutonic invasion of Britain and Ireland proceeded apace. The 

 Teutons and Scandinavians were flaxen or red-haired, blue- or 

 gray-eyed northern Aryans, speaking pure Aryan languages. 

 Some of them may have been slightly changed in physique by 

 mixture with the Lapp and the Finn, that mixture which gives 

 such a Mongolian aspect to some of the inhabitants of Eastern 

 Germany and Northern Russia. In the main, however, this was 

 the clearly-defined, good-looking type which we see to-day in 

 the agricultural districts along the coasts of Eastern England 

 and the coast regions all round Ireland. This handsome Scan- 

 dinavian type remains particularly pure in Ireland at the present 

 day, and is by no means confined to the coast, though not much 

 met with in the centre and south. It is well represented in the 

 Royal Irish Constabulary. It is the best type of Englishman, 

 but is rare in Scotland except in the Shetland Islands and the 

 English borderland. It is easily distinguishable from the many 

 other types of Scotch physiognomy by the lesser prominence of 

 the cheek-bones, the straight and moderately short nose, and the 

 blue eyes. It is curious that this Scandinavian type, so much 

 associated with the best and conventional kind of Englishman, 

 should be most strikingly represented in Ireland. 



A slight reinforcement of the Iberian element was probably 

 the outcome of the Norman Conquest. Many of the Normans 

 who invaded England were largely of French extraction and 

 of the dark-haired type. But under the Angevin kings who 

 succeeded to the Norman dynasty considerable numbers of 

 Gascons, Poitevins, and other types of dark Frenchmen entered 

 the country, and being given positions of influence and impor- 

 tance, became the sires of many children, legitimate and illegiti- 



