EARLY AMERICANS 205 



many other divisions, more or less artificial ; but these are 

 sufficient for our purpose, as on the islands of the Pacific 

 coast and its mainland shores even up to within a few 

 centuries there lived a race which well illustrated a very 

 intelligent stone age. On the island of Santa Catalina, off 

 Southern California, I have found many camp sites of 

 these people. In the center of the island, on a ridge 

 of Mount Orizaba as it reaches down to the ocean par- 

 allel to the Cabrillo Mountains, I found a typical cave 

 of this time. It was beneath a ledge of high rocks, and 

 was large enough to afford shelter to a family of natives. 

 In front of the cave was a huge pile of Haliotis shells 

 brought from the sea nearly a mile distant, and on one 

 side I could see where fires had been made against the 

 rock. The small cave was filled with debris and had been 

 occupied by wild goats for years ; but on digging in the 

 earth several implements of stone were found, a mortar or 

 bowl of steatite, pipes, and various strange objects in stone. 

 The Haliotis, or abalone, was the most important posses- 

 sion. The natives ate the meat, used the plugged shells 

 as cups, and cut it up into a score of beautiful beads and 

 ornaments, even employing it as a mosaic to decorate vari- 

 ous articles. 



Scattered about were grinding stones, metates, flat mor- 

 tars, showing that these people had formed from stone, 

 shell, and wood nearly every household article necessary 

 to their purpose. In an ancient graveyard on the island 

 were found beads, pipes, bowls, hooks and lines (seaweed), 

 clubs, paint pots, gouges, sinkers, "good luck" stones, 

 arrow points and spear points, ceremonial stones and many 

 more, all of wood, stone, or shell. A ditch was made, 



