THE INTELLIGENCE OF MAiMMALS 23 1 



Among the apes and the monkeys many are extremely 

 human in their ways, and they can be trained to eat and 

 drink, to play upon musical instruments in a crude way, to 

 wear clothes, and to eat with a fork ; the impression is cre- 

 ated that the animal thinks exactly as do human beings, but 

 this conclusion would doubtless be far from true. Instinct 

 is frequently confused with intelligence ; nearly all the 

 important and striking acts of mammals are instinctive. 

 Thus a terrible sound is heard : the deer or fawn instinc- 

 tively dashes away in fear ; but the man thinks it out and 

 concludes that it is thunder, that the danger is miles dis- 

 tant, hence he remains where he is. Nearly all the acts of 

 the lower animals are instinctive. They reason to a very 

 limited degree. 



How potent instinct is, is well shown in young dogs and 

 chickens. I have presented a moth to a puppy that took 

 it at once ; but when a bee was shown him he instinctively 

 recognized that there was danger in the buzzing sound, 

 though he had never seen a bee before. I found this was true 

 of young chickens. Some of the most remarkable illustra- 

 tions given as animal intelligence are animal instinct ; yet 

 many animals can be taught and trained to perform various 

 acts which are very remarkable. No more interesting 

 illustration can be found than the Asiatic elephant, which 

 for centuries has been utilized as a co-worker by man. In 

 the great lumber yards of India elephants are trained to 

 do all the work of a human laborer. They are mounted 

 by a single man, armed with a hook, and they have been 

 trained to obey his every order. They lift huge logs, move 

 them with perfect precision, and appear to understand 

 every wish of their masters ; yet we can hardly accord the 



