238 THE INTELLIGENCE OF MAMMALS 



tales merely because they appear in print. Many honest 

 men and women lack good judgment, are emotional, see 

 things which do not really exist or occur, and are sadly 

 deficient in the power of explaining the acts of animals, 

 imparting to them many traits that would astonish the bear, 

 fox, and others could they read the English language. 



I believe that nearly all animals have intelligence which 

 develops in very much the same way and along the same 

 lines as it does in man, where it is supreme. I believe the 

 lower animals which have the same desires, the same ap- 

 petites and passions as man, possess the same quality of 

 intelligence, — an intelligence produced, evolved just as in 

 man, and differing from human intelHgence only in degree. 

 The intelligence of man is more complete, more far reach- 

 ing, not so circumscribed. 



To illustrate, a dog perceived its young master drowning. 

 It rushed into the water and dragged the boy upon the 

 beach and stood over him and watched him complacently 

 as he lay dying. A man who had observed the incident 

 ran to the spot and took up the intelligent act of the dog 

 where it ended, rolled the body, induced artificial respira- 

 tion, and saved the victim's life. Dog and man were both 

 intelligent and actuated by the same desire to save the boy ; 

 but the intelligence of the dog was limited to the one act 

 of dragging the boy ashore, while that of the man compre- 

 hended the entire situation and enabled him to save the 

 boy's life. 



I believe this simple explanation of animal intelligence 

 and its limitations will explain the entire question. Some 

 individual dogs, horses, birds, cows, monkeys, seals, appear 

 to be especially endowed with intelligence. They are the 



