60 SALMONID^. 



a. Salmo fario gaimardi. 



Synonymy for Scandinavia ti specimens. 



Back-Forell, Backro. 



Salmo no. 3, Artedi, Synon. p. 23 ; no. 5, Genera, p. 12 ; and no. 4, 



Sjiecies, p. 51. 

 Salmo no. 309, L. Faun, Suec. p. 117. 



Salmo fario, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 509 ; Nilsson, Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 415. 

 [? Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. ii. p. 025 ; a trout is described which appears 



to difter from S. fario in several respects, especially in the greater 



number of pyloric appendages, which amount to 54.] 

 Salmo punctatus, Ntlsson, I. c. p. 417. 



? Trutta trutta, var. Malmgren, Findlund's Fisk-Fauna, p. 03. 

 Salmo trutta, var. Widegren, Of vers. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1802, p. 500, 



taf. 4. fig. 1 (young), taf. 7. figs. 1 & 2 (half-grown), taf. 8 (adult) ; 



ibid. 1804, taf. 8 (young), and taf. 13 (adult). 



Iceland specimens. 



Salmo trutta, Gaimard, Voy. Isl. 8f Groenl. Atl. Poiss. pi. 15. fig. A 



(the spots incorrectly dra%vn). 

 gaimardi, Cuv. ^ Val. xxi. p. 341. 



Scotch specimens. 



Salmo fairo, Jardine, Edin. New Philos. Journ. xviii. p. 51 (several 

 northern varieties are indicated in this paper, but no characters of 

 systematic importance are given); Brit. Salmon, pis. 5 & 12; Parnell, 

 Wern. Mem. vii. p. 304, pi. 30 ; or Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 144, 

 pi. 30 (not good, maxillary too feeble). 



D. 13-14. A. 11-12. P.M. V. 9. L. lat. 120. L. transv. 27/30. 

 Cffic. pyl. 33-46. Vert. 59-60. 



Largest specimen observed, 15 inches ; female mature at a length 

 of 7 or 8 inches. 



Head weU proportioned in its shape, and rather small when com- 

 pared with the body , body rather short and compressed. The pos- 

 terior point of junction of operculum and suboperculum is nearly 

 midway between the upper end of the gill-opening and the lower 

 anterior angle of the suboperculum. Praioperculum nearly crescent- 

 shaped, without or with a very indistinct lower limb. Snout of 

 moderate length, obtusely conical. Maxillary much longer than the 

 snout, broad and stout ; in male specimens, 9 inches long, it extends 

 to or nearly to the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. Teeth 

 of moderate size. The head of the vomer is triangular, small, broader 

 than long ; vomerine teeth in a double series, sometimes disposed in 

 a zigzag line, persistent throughout life. Fins well developed. The 

 caudal fin of specimens of 9 inches in length is truncate or scarcely 

 emarginate, the middle caudal rays being more than half as long as 

 the outer ones. The hind part of the body is short, and rather high ; 

 there are about fifteen scales in a transverse series from behind the 

 adipose fin obliquely forwards to the lateral line. 



Sides with numerous round or X-shaped black markings ; the 

 upper surface and sides of the head, the dorsal, adipose, and caudal 



