80 SALMONID-E. 



nor is it found among individuals of Alpine Lake-Trout from the 

 same locality*. As regards the sterility of these fishes,- Siebold has 

 evidently gone too far in regarding really distinctive characters as 

 peculiarities dependent on the conc^ition of the sexual organs. We 

 shall see subsequently that females of a species declared by Siebold 

 to be merely a sterile form, are sexually fully developed (p. 84) ; 

 and on the other hand that a female of a species regarded by him as 

 the sexually developed form, is sterile (p. 82) ; besides, Widegren 

 has shown that sterility is not always permanent, but generally a 

 temporary immaturity. According to the present state of our know- 

 ledge, we believe the following species may be considered to be well 

 established : — 



1. S. carpio from the Lake of Garda. Vomerine ceetn in a single 

 series, all pointing backwards. Caec. pyl. 40-50. 



2. S. lemanus from the Lake of Geneva. Head and body covered 

 with very small spots. Vert. (57) 58-59. Cyec. pyl. 45-52. 



3 S. rappii from the Lake of Constance. Body stout ; caudal 

 truncate. Vert. 59-60. Caec. pyl. 48-54. 



4. *S'. lacustris from the lake of Constance and other lakes of Upper 

 Austria. Body slender ; caudal more or less emarginote. Vert. 

 60-61. Cific. pyl. 60-74. 



5. S. ??i«rs«7/« from the lakes of Uiiper Austria. Body stout: max- 

 illary naiTOw. Vert. ? Caec. pyl. 90-100. 



9. Salmo carpio. 



The Trout of the Lake of Garda. Carpione. 

 Carpione, Salvimi. fol. 99. pi. 25 (fig. bona). 



Carpio, Bellon. p. 27G; Rondel, ii. p. 158 (fig. mala) ; Gesncr, p. 184 ; 

 Aldrov. p. 655 (fig. copied on p. 653 as Trutta Benaci lacus) j Wil- 

 liKjhby, p. 197. 

 Salmo, Artedi, Synmi. p. 24. no. 4 ; and Gen. p. 13. no. 7. 

 Salmo carpio, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 510 (part.). 

 ? Salmo pimctatus, Cuv. Regne Anim. 



Fario carpio, Meckel, in Sttzf/sber. A lad. Wiss. Wicn, 1852, viii. p. 361. 

 taf. 10. tigs. 9, 10 (vomei-ine teeth) ; Kner, ibid. p. 215 (pylor. ap- 

 pend.). 

 D. 13. A. 12. L. lat. 123. Caec. pyl. between 40 & 50. 

 Snout of moderate length ; in specimens fourteen inches long the 

 maxillaiy extends to the vertical from the hind margin of the orbit. 

 The vomerine teeth (about sixteen in number) form a single series, 

 and are not alternately bent towards the right and left, but the points 

 of all form a straight line, all being equally curved backwards. Cau- 



* Heckel and Kner refer the Trout from the Lake of Constance, described by 

 Rapp as S. trutta, to their Fario nwrsiglii from the Upper Austrian lakes, and 

 express their sui-prise that Rapp counted forty-eight pyloric appendages only, 

 whilst they always found more than eighty. In a foot-note (p. 270) they even 

 insinuate that Rapp took his statement from specimens of the S. lemanus. 

 Against this I may observe that I myself witnessed Rapp's examinations of these 

 fishes and that the pyloric appendages were most carefully and repeatedly counted 

 in several specimens obtained directly from the Lake of Constance ; moreover 

 each of the three examples in the British Museum has exactly fifty-four casca. 



