160 SALMONID^. 



crescent-shaped, without angle, but with a rounded lower limb which 

 is not much shorter than the hind limb ; postei-ior margin of the 

 operculum and praeoperculum very obtusely rounded. Maxillary 

 rather feeble and narrow [bent, not much extending beyond the eye 

 in a male specimen 3| feet long. Lower jaw bent upwards, with 

 some strong teeth at the symphysis]. Vomerine teeth ? The scale- 

 like appendage in the axQ of the ventral very long, three-fourths as 

 long as the fin, with the upper and lower edges dilated {carinato- 

 hilamellata, Pallas, as it appears in a dried state). Caudal fin emar- 

 ginate, the middle rays being half as long as the outer ones ; there 

 are fourteen scales m a series obliquely descending forwards from 

 the axil of the adipose fin to the lateral line. 



This fish may be easily recognized by the large number of anal 

 rays. The diaracters are taken from one of Pallas's typical speci- 

 mens, preserved in the Berlin Museum. It is evidently a male ; the 

 specimen is a perfectly flat skin, 3 feet 7 inches long ; head 8 inches, 

 pectoral fin 4| inches ; middle caudal rays 2^ inches, outer caudal 

 rays 5 inches. 



Pallas gives the foUowing account of the habits of this fish, from 

 the notes made by Steller : — 



They ascend only the larger rivers, and are not taken anywhere 

 beyond the fifty-sixth degree of latitude, around the shores of Kamts- 

 chatka. They approach the river Kamtschatka as early as about the 

 20th of April, the river Bolschaya towards the 10th of May ; lastly, 

 Port St. Peter and St. Paul, and the Bay of Avatscha in June. They 

 are held in the greatest estimation, and are preferred to all the other 

 migratory fish, not only on account of their size, in which they often 

 attain forty or even sixty pounds, but also on account of their flavour. 

 As soon as these fishes ascend the rivers, they cease to take any food 

 to the time of their death, which is caused by exertion and inanition* 

 after they have shed their spawn and milt, as S. hjcaodon, &g. 



7. Oncorhynchus sangninolentus. 



Salmo sanguinolentus, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.- As. iii. p. 379. 



B. 14. D. 11. A. 14(17?). P. 14. V. 10. 



PaUas gives the foUowing description from SteUer's notes : — 



The largest measure three feet, being ten to twelve pounds in 



weight ; greatest breadth 7g inches. Head oblong, compressed, with 



the snout obtusely conical, the upper jaw much the longer, hooked, 



whence the oral aperture gapes even when the jaws are closed. Both 



jaws, as also the maxillaries, armed with curved teeth ; larger ones in 



the lower jaw, gradually smaller towards the angle of the mouth. 



Tongue with six teeth, disposed in two series. Irides dirty yeUow. 



Body with rather -large scales, adhering firmly to the skin. Colour, 



in a specimen from the sea, brown, with a green tinge on the back, 



with scattered black dots ; silvery on the sides, glittering ; white on 



the beUy. In specimens taken in the river about the beginning of 



October, back tinged with dirty blackish brown ; sides suffused with 



a blood-hue ; belly white, not glittering. Anal fin \vith fourteen rays ; 



* media, evidently a misprint for ivedio. 



