166 SALltfONID-i:. 



lower limb of the praeoperculum very broad. Dorsal somewhat 

 higher than long ; adipose fin rather small ; caudal deeply forked. 

 Silvery, greenish on the back. 



a-o. Seven and four inches long. Japan, From the Ley den Museum. 

 c-h. Four inches long. Formosa. From Consul Swinhoe's Col- 

 lection. 



6. OSMERUS. 



Osmerus, sp., Artedi, Genera, p. 10. 

 Osmerus, Cuv. It^gne Anim. 



Body covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the month 

 wide ; maxillary long, extending to, or nearly to, the hind margin 

 of the orbit. Dentition strong : intermaxillary and maxillary teeth 

 small, much smaller than those of the mandible. Vomer with a 

 transverse series of teeth, several of which are large, fang-like ; a 

 series of conical teeth along the palatine and pterygoid bones. 

 Tongue with very strong fang-like teeth anteriorly, and with several 

 longitudinal series of smaller ones posteriorly. Pectoral fins mode- 

 rately developed. Pseudobranchiae present, but rudimentary. Bhnd 

 sac of the stomach of moderate length. Pyloric appendages very 

 short, in small number ; ova small. 



Atlantic coasts of the temperate parts of Europe and North 

 America ; periodically ascending rivers, and frequently permaiient 

 residents of fresh waters. One species from California. 



1. Osmems eperlamis. 



The Smelt. Der Stint. Nars and Slom (Swedish). Smelte (Danish). 



L'fiperlan. 

 Local names : Spirling, Sparling. 

 Eperlanus, Emdelet, ii. p. 196 ; Beloti, De Aquat p. 288 ; Aldrov. iv. 



c. 12. p. 536 ; Jonston, ii. c. 2. t. 24. f. 3 ; WUlughhy, p. 202, tab. N. 6. 



f. 4 ; Ray, p. 66. 

 Spirinchua, Jonston, t. 47. f. 6 ; Schoneu. p. 70, tab. 7. 

 Osmerus no. 1, Artedi, Gen. p. 10 j Synon. p. 21, and Spec. p. 46 



(descr. very good). 

 Salmo, sp., Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 373. 

 Salmo eperlanus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 511 ; m. i. p. 179, taf. 28. fig. 2;*BL 



Schn.Tp. 410; Honov.Brit. Fish, ii.pl. 48; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 104; 



Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As.\i\.t^. 386; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 152. 

 Trutta, sp., Elein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 20. no. 12, tab. 4. tigs. 2-4. 

 Smelt, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 273, pi. 61 ; and ed. 1812, iii. p. 416, 



pi. 72; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iv. p. 276, pi. 227. 

 Duhamel, Peches, ii. § 11, pi. 4. 

 Salmo eperlanus, var. mannus, WaJb. Artedi, iii. p. 57. 



eperlano-marinus, Bl. i. p. 128, taf. 28. f. 1. 



Osmerus eperlanus, Lacep. v. p. 229 ; Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer. iii, 



p. 185 (aesci'. taken from a British specimen) ; Flem. Brit. An. 



p. 181 ; Ekstr. Vet. Akad. ITandl. 1834, p. 7 ; and Fische v. Morko, 



p. 191 ; Jenym, Man. p. 429 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. 2nd ed. ii. p. 129, 



and 3rd ed. i. p. 295 ; Pam. Wirn. Mem. vii. p. 312, or Fish. FiHh 



of Forth, p. 152 : Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 433 ; Kroyer, Danm. 



Fi«k. iii. p. 1 ; Cuv. ^ Val. xxi. p. 371, pi. 620 ; Siebold, Siisswasserf. 



p. 2 71. 



