2U0 .SALMONID.K. 



12. THYMALLUS*. 



Thymallus, Cuv. Reyne Atmn. 



Body covered with scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth 

 small ; maxillary short, broad, scarcely extending beyond the front 

 margin of the orbit. Small teeth in the jaw bones, on the head of 

 tiie vomer and the palatines ; none on the tongfle. Dorsal fin long, 

 many -rayed; caudal forked. Pseudobranchite well developed ; air- 

 bladder very large. IStomach horseshoe-shaped, pyloric appendages 

 rather numerous. 



Temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. 



1. Thymallus vulgaris. 



The Grayling. Der Asch, Aesche. ^L'Ombi-e. Temelo or Temola 



{Uiper Itahj). 

 QvfiaXXos, yElian, lib. xiv. c. 22. 

 Thymallus sen Thymus, Bdlon. De Aquat. p. 184 ; Salvian. fol. 81. 



taf. 1(5 ; Rondel, ii. p. 187 ; Gesner, pp. 978, 979 ; Aklrow v. c. 14. 



p. 594 ; Jonston., iii. tit. 1. c. 3, t. 26. figs. 3-5, and t. 31. fig. 6 ; 

 Willii(fhb;j, p. 187, tab. N. 8. 

 Coregonus no. 3, Artecli, Synon. p. 20 ; Genei-a, p. 10 ; and Species. 



p. 41. 

 Salmo, Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 375. 

 Salmo thymallus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 512 ; Bl. Fische Deutschl. i. p. 158, 



taf. 24 ; Bl. Sclm. p. 410 ; Donov. Brit. Fish. iv. pi. 88 ; Pall. Zoogr. 



Ross.- As. iii. p. 3(34 (part.) ; Meiclinyer, tab. 33; Turton, Brit. Faun. 



p. 104 ; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 153. 

 Ascli, Mars. Danub. iv. p. 75, pi. 25. fig. 2. 

 Trutta, Klein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 21. n. 15, tab. 4. f. 5. 

 Coregonus thymallus, Lacep. v. p. 254; Fletn. Brit. An, p. 181; 



Jiirine, Poiss. du Lac Lenum, pi. 6. 

 Grayling, Pe^m. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 272, pi. 61, and ed. 1812, iii. p. 414, 



pi. 72 ; Loio, Farm. Oread, p. 224; Davy, Saltnonia, 1851, p. 170; 



Cotieh, Brit. Fish. iv. p. 280, pi. 228. 

 Duhamel, Pesches, ii. p. 218, pi. 3. fig. 2. 

 Thymallus vulgaris, Nilss. Prodr. leltth. Scand.-p.lS, and Skand. Fatm. 



Fisk. p. 447; Jen. Man. p. 4.30; Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd ed. ii. p. 136, 



.3rd ed. i. p. 304 ; Sichold, Sii,<!swasse)^sehc, p. 267. 

 Thj'niallus vexillifer, Ayass. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ncuchdfel, i. t. B, 



t. I), figs. 5-8 (anatomy) ; and Poiss. d^eau douce, pis. 15, 16 ; Selys- 



Lonych. Fatm. Belye, p. 222; Cuv. <^ Val. xxi. p. 438; Heclcel Sr 



Kner, Sitsswasserf. p. 242. 

 Thymallus gymnoihorax, Cuv. Sr Val. xxi. p. 445, pi. 625 ; Giinther, 



Fische des Neckars, p. 117; Rapp, Fische des Bodensee's, p. 25. 

 Thymallus thymallus, Kroyer, Iknim. Fisk. iii. p. 36. 



B. 7-8. D. 20-23. A. 13-16. P. 16. V. 10-11. L.lat. 75-85. 



L. transv. -^^. Ccee. pyl. 22. Vert. 39/22. 



The length of the head is two-ninths or one-fifth of the total (with- 

 out caudal) ; posterior dorsal rays somewhat produced in the adult 

 fish Trunk generally with a few scattered, small, round, black dots. 

 Dorsal fin violet, with purplish spots. 



Fresh waters of Central and Northern Europe. 



* 1. Thymalus ontaricnsis, C. ^' V. xxi. p. 4.^)2. — Lake Ontario. 

 2. - — Tiicrtcnsii, C. cf V. xxi. p. 453.— Kamtschatka. 



