THE yElNS. 321 



(2) A large communicating branch from the posterior facial. 



(3) The vena occipitalis, a large branch coming from the 

 vertebral column (which it leaves by the atlantal foramen) and 

 from the back of the head. 



d. V. facialis anterior (Fig. 131, c). — The anterior facial 

 vein collects the blood from the face, the tongue, and adjacent 

 parts ; it joins the posterior facial {b) caudad of the angle of 

 the jaw to form the external jugular vein. 



The anterior facial begins over the frontal bone caudad of 

 the orbit, where it is known as the frontal vein {c"). This 

 runs along the dorsal border of the orbit, into which it dips. 

 It sends a communicating branch into the orbit, and receives 

 small veins (superior palpebral) from the upper eyelid. It 

 then turns ventrad, passing along the cranial angle of the eye 

 between the levator labii superioris proprius (5) and the orbicu- 

 laris oculi (8) muscles, being called in this region the angular 

 vein {c'). This receives branches (external nasal veins, /■) 

 from the side of the nose. The vein crosses the malar bone 

 obliquely (now receiving the name anterior facial, c) and fol- 

 lows the cranioventral border of the masseter muscle (9). As 

 it passes the infraorbital foramen it receives through the 

 foramen a small vein from within the orbit. It receives also 

 the inferior palpebral {J) from the lower eyelid, and the 

 superior labial vein (/} from the upper lip. Just caudad of the 

 angle of the mouth it receives from beneath the cranioventral 

 margin of the masseter the V. facialis profunda (//) described 

 below. Still farther caudad it receives the inferior labial vein 

 {g) from the lower lip, and a small branch from the masseter 

 muscle. Caudad of the middle of the cranioventral border of 

 the masseter it receives from beneath the lymphatic gland of 

 this region the large submental vein (/). Next the anterior 

 facial vein receives a large communicating branch (V. trans- 

 versa, d) which passes transversely across the ventral surface 

 of the throat and connects the two anterior facial veins of the 

 opposite sides. From the middle of this communicating branch 

 an unpaired trunk passes caudad in the middle line and divides 

 into the two laryngeal veins, which pass to the larynx ; a small 

 branch is continued from the unpaired trunk craniad into the 



