108 



I am of opinion in view of all tUe evidence — wliicli includes many 

 do(;nnients that do not appear to have been brought to the attention 

 of Mr. Blaine during his correspDudcnce with Lord Salisbury — that the 

 words Pacific Ocean in the treaty of 1S35 included, and wore intended 

 by Russia and Great Britain to include, the waters of Bering Sea as 

 part of "the Great Ocean commonly called the Pacific Ocean." 



Respecting the seal fisheries in Bering Sea, named in the first and 

 second points of Article VI of the treaty — if the reference be to the 

 fur-seal industries conducted under the license or authority of Russia on 

 the islands situated in that sea — it is clear, from the records in our hands, 

 that Russia, from a date prior to the beginning of the present century 

 down to the cession in 18G7 of Alaska to the United States, had the ex- 

 clusive right to such fisheries, and that her rights, in that regard, were 



General Gazeleer, London, 18.23: " Beering's Island — in the North Pacific Ocean." 



New London Gazeteer, 1826: -'Beering's Island — in the Pacific." 



Edinburgh Gazetecr, London, 1837, Vol. I,}). 433: "Kamschatka (Peninsula). On 

 the east it has the North Pacific Ocean, and on the west that large gulf of it 

 called the Sea of Okhotsk." 



Arrowsmith's Grammar of Modern Geography, 1833: "Bhering's Strait connects 

 the Frozen Ocean with the Pacific. The Anadir flows into the Pacific Ocean." 



Penny Encyclopedia, London, ISiO, p. 116: "Pacific Ocean extends between 

 America on the east and Asia and Australia on the west. * * * It is called 

 the South Sea, because vessels sailing from Europe can only enter it after a long 

 southerly course. The name of South Sea has been limited in later times to the 

 southern portion of the Pacific. The Pacific is the greatest expanse of water 

 on the globe, of which it covers more than one-half of the surface. * * * 

 Behring's Strait, wliich may be considered as its most northern boundary, lies 

 between East Gape in Asia and Cape Prince of Wales near 66° north latitude, 

 and is less than 40 miles wide." 



London Encyclopedia, 1845, Vol. 16, p. 102: Following Malte Brouu's Precis 

 de la Geographic Uuiversello, this book describes the Eastern or Great Pacific 

 Ocean as embracing among other waters "the Northeastern Ocean between Asia 

 and North America," the ''seas of Japan, Kamschatka, and Beering's Strait," 

 making "a part of it." 



Encyclopedia Americana, Philadelphia, 1845, Vol. 9, p. 476: "Pacific Ocean; 

 the great mass of waters extending from Beering's Straits to the Antarctic Circle, 

 a distance of 3,200 leagues, and from Asia and New Holland to America. * * * 

 It was at first called the South Sea by the European navigators, who entered it 

 from the north. Magellan gave it the name of Pacific," etc. 



New American Cyclopedia, by Ripley and Dana, 1851: "Pacific Ocean: Between 

 longitude 70° west and 110° east ; that is, for the epace of 180°, or over one entire 

 half of the globe. It covers the greatar part of the earth's surface from Behring's 

 Straits to the Polar Circle, that sejiarates it from the Antarctic Ocean." 



Harpei-' 8 Statistical Gazeteer of the World. By Smith. New York: 1855. "Eus- 



