208 APPENDIX. 



he is principally employed in the winter. His feet re- 

 quire no shoeing or other protection, and he travels 

 perfectly well on snow, ice, and frozen ground. Al- 

 though he labors the whole year through in Bessarabia, 

 he is of comparatively little use in the summer in the 

 Crimea, where he is only employed for draught. At 

 that season, if yoked to the wagon, he is annoyed by 

 the heat, sweats profusely and becomes exhausted. 

 His feet do not suffer from travelling on soils im- 

 pregnated with mineral salts. 



His gait, which is an amble, is by no means weari- 

 some to the rider, and he never stumbles in going up 

 hill or down. He is in general docile, obedient, and 

 patient, but in the rutting season, the male is ill tem- 

 pered and sometimes dangerous. Two or four camels 

 are harnessed to wagons and sledges with a yoke re- 

 sembling an ox yoke and are guided by the halter. 

 Upon a dry road, a pair will draw from eighty to one 

 hundred poods, (twenty-nine to thirty-seven hundred 

 pounds.) He is never harnessed singly. 



He goes twice as long as the horse without drink- 

 ing, and is content with the poorest fodder. In the 

 summer, he feeds on thistles, weeds, rushes, reeds, and 

 in general on coarse vegetables, which are not eaten by 

 other animals, and in fact, he scarcely rejects any green 

 thing. In winter, his nutriment consists of hay, straw, 

 and coarse fodder. He requires from fifty to seventy 

 pounds of dry food per day, but it is found good econ- 

 omy to feed him well, as he performs much more ser- 

 vice, than if poorly nourished. 



When he is in good case, the humps, of which the 



