APPENDIX 



4. The syllable -ni attached to a substai\tive denotes in, at, 

 around, by. For instance, campi, camp ; campini, in, at, around, 

 or by the camp. 



5. Most of the adverbs can be used as prepositions by add- 

 ing the syllable ya to the word. For instance, Jim, above; juu 

 ya nyumha, above the house, etc. 



Adverbs and Conjugations. 



juu, on top, above. 

 mbele, before, in front. 

 yakini, certainly. 

 hatta, until, even. 

 mbali, far, far off. 

 nyuma, after, behind. 

 chini, below, at bottom. 

 yamikini, possibly. 

 halisi, exactly. 

 upesi, fast, quickly. 

 zamani, formerly. 

 marra moja, immediately. 

 mvvisho, lastly. 



na, and, also. 

 na-na, both, and. 

 ao-ao, either, or. 

 lakini, hozvever, but. 

 illi, in order that. 

 hatta, till. 



zayidi, more. 

 sasa hivi, instantly. 

 nje, outside. 

 kweli, tridy, sincerely. 

 polepole, gently, slowly. 

 ndani, inside, zmtltin. 

 tu, merely, only. 

 karibu, near. 

 marra nyingi, often. 

 halafu, presently, soon. 

 ema (pron. yema), well, all 

 right. 



kwamba, although. 



ilia, except. 



kama, kwamba, if, that, hozv 



that. 

 wala-wala, neither, nor. 

 na, kwa, to, with, together. 



Exercises 

 Translate into English: 



M. I. Nimeambiwa kama mpagazi alimpiga mnyampara katika 

 campi (or campini). 2. Nikamsema askari kumkamata mpagazi na 

 kumpiga. 3. Sijui kama ninapendwa na watu wangu, lakini nina- 

 sadiki. 4. Boy wangu anasema kama ameona kifaru amemwua 

 kongoni. 5. Akamwambia gun bearer kama walikimbia wapagazi 

 watano. 6. Ni mbaya kupigwa na mtu mkali. 7. Mto mkubwa si 



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