418 SPINACID-E. 



•Squalus et Entoxychirus, Gill, Pruc. Ac. Nat. Sc. VhiUul. 1H02, 

 p. 490. 



Two dorsal fins, each with a si)inc ; no anal fin. ^Mouth l)nt 

 slightly arched ; a long-, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side 

 of the mouth ; no labial fold along the margin of the mouth. Teeth 

 equal in both jaws, rather small ; their point is so much turned 

 aside that the inner margin of the tooth forms the cutting edge. 

 ]^o membrana nictitans. Spiracles rather wide, immediately behind 

 the eye. Gill-openings narrow. 



Temperate seas of the northern and southern hemisj)horcs. 



1. Acanthias vulgaris. 



'AKuvdiat yaXeoc, Aristot. vi. c. 10, ix. c. 87 ; Athen. vii. p. 294. 

 Galeus acauthias, Rotulel. p. 873 ; Gemer, De Aquat. p. 007 ; Jnnstm, 



i. tab. 8. fig. S ; Ahlrov. p. 399 ; Wilha/hbij, p. 50, tab. B 5. fig. 1 ; 



Klein, Miss. iii. p. 8, tab. 1. figs. 5 & 0. 

 ^lustt'his spinax, Bellon. De Aquat. pp. 09, 70. 

 Squalus, sp., Artcd. Gen. p. 00. no. 3; Synmi. p. 94. no. 8, and Spec. 



p. 102. no. 1; Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 149, and 3Ivs. Ichthyol. i. 



p. 01. no. 189. 

 Squalus acanthias, L. Syst Nat. p. 897 ; SI. taf. 85 ; BL Schn. p. 185 ; 



Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 40 ; Donov. Brit. Fish. iv. p. 82 ; Faher, Fisch. 



Isl. p. 29; Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 114; Blainv. Faun. Fr. n. 57 ; 



Jenyns, Man. p. 505 ; Frief och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 187. tah. 40 ; 



Gronov. Syst. ed. Gi-ay, p. 8. 

 Picked Dog-fish, Pemi. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 88, or edit. 1812, iii. p. 183. 

 Spinax, Duhamel, Pesch. iii. p. 299, pi. 20. fig. 6. 

 Aiguillat, Laccp. i. p. 270, pi. 10. fig. 2. 

 Squalus fernandinus, Molina, Hist. Chil. p. 194. 

 Spinax acanthias, Cuv. Per/tie An. ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Peso. : Richards. 



Faun, Bor.-Amer. p. 291 : Parnell, Wer7ier. Mem. vii. p. 420 ; 



Dekay, New York Faun. Fish. p. 859, pi. 04. fig. 210 ; Ayres, 



Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 288. 

 Acanthias vulgaris, Risso, Fur. Merid. iii. p. 131 ; Midi. {^ He^de, 



p. 83 ; Schley. Faun. Japon. Poiss. p. 304, pi. 185 ; Yarrell, Brit. 



Fish. 2nd edit. ii. p. 524, or 8rd edit. ii. p. 518 ; Kessler, Bull. Soc. 



Nat. Mosc. 1859, ii. p. 478; Kroy. Damn. Fisk. iii. p. 808; Niks. 



Skand. Faun. Fisk. p. 781 ; Conch, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 49, pi. 11; 



Dr(7n(ril, Elasmobr. p. 487 ; Boca ye l^~ Capello, Pcix. Plagiost. p. 21. 

 Spinax fernandezianus, G'uichen. in Gay^s Chile, Zool. ii. p. .305. 

 Acauthias, sp., Richards. Voy. Ereh. 8f Terr. Fish. p. 44, pi. 28. 



figs. 1 & 2. 

 Acanthias aniericanus, Stm-er,Mem. Amer. Acad. ii. p. 500, ix. p. 232, 



pi. 38. fig. 1, and Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 270. 

 sucklii, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 190, and 



U. S. Pac. R.R. Exp. Fish. p. 308. 

 Brain : Sander, Sitzysher. Ges. ntrf. Frennd. Berlin, 1808, p. 20. 



Origin of the dorsal fin o])posite to or behind the inner posterior 

 angle of the pectoral. Dorsal spines without groove. Snout produced. 

 Temperate seas of the northern and southern hemispheres. 



a, b, c. Half-grown and yoiing. Holland. From the Collection of 



Dr. van Lidth de Jeude. 

 (?. Young. Plymouth. Museum Leach. 



